C# Tutorial

C# Tutorial and Guide

C#, pronounced as C-Sharp, is a programming language developed by Microsoft. It is an object-oriented programming language that is developed as a part of the .Net initiative and designed by Anders Hejlsberg. It is a general-purpose programming language designed for Common Language Infrastructure. There are some standards for designing C#, like the language needs to be modern, general-purpose, and based on OOPS concepts. It should be suitable for deployment in distributed environments etc. Because of this, it was approved by Ecma as an international standard.

Why do we need to learn C#?

C# is widely used in multiple areas, which makes it more popular and in demand. It is used in the area of Game Development because of its features like an object-oriented, automatic garbage collector, etc. It is also used in the area of web development and desktop applications. There are other features of C#, like Integration with windows, properties, and events, Standard library, Indexers, Multithreading, etc., which are the reason for its worldwide popularity.

Advantages of C#

There are some advantages of C#

• It is very efficient and consists of an automatic garbage collector feature.
• Memory backup is high so there is no issue of memory leak.
• It is safe than many other languages and also has low maintenance.
• It is compiled to intermediate language irrespective of targeting OS.

Applications of C#

C# is used to build various types of applications like

• Web applications and windows services
• Gaming applications
• Enterprise applications
• Web services and API
• Machine learning and artificial intelligence
• Internet of Things
• Backend Services
• Window libraries and client applications
• Android mobile apps
• Other software like Office, SQL, etc.

Example

Below is the simple C# code example to print a message

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace Tutorial
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)      // Main Method
{
Console.WriteLine("This is C# Tutorial");    // Display message
Console.ReadKey();
}
}
}

Explanation: 

Using is for including the System namespace, which is basically a collection of classes.

The class consists of methods of the program. The above code consists of the main method, which shows the behavior of the class.

Static is the keyword that is used to tell whether this method is accessible or not without instantiating the class.

Main() method is where the execution starts. Having only one main method in a program that specifies the behavior is mandatory. It is basically an invoked method to execute.

WriteLine() is used to get output. We can write System.Console.WriteLine(), where System is a namespace with class Console, and WriteLine are the methods to display any message of a class.

ReadKey() is held on the screen until a key is pressed.

The output of the above code is:-

Prerequisites

It is good to have knowledge of the C language, which will help to understand the basic concepts and syntaxes.

Target audience

This is for beginners so that they can understand the basics of C# programming and its applications and advantages.