Introduction to TypeScript Pattern Matching
Pattern matching in TypeScript behaves the same as it does in other programming languages, there is no specific way to do it, but we have some alternative by which we can achieve pattern matching. Also, we have some of the library available for TypeScript by which we can do pattern matching because, in TypeScript, there is no built-in mechanism for pattern matching. Pattern matching is the mechanism by which we can check our passed value, whether it is correct a value the pattern is given or not.
Syntax:
As we already know that there is no specific way to do it, but still we have some alternative available.
1. Use switch case
switch (input) {}2. Use Option
type Option<T> = None | Some<T>3. Use an external library
add pattern matching package from npm.All of these above will remove the if/else we write and make code easier to understand and readable.
How to Perform Pattern Matching in TypeScript?
As we have already seen that we do not have any built-in mechanism in TypeScript to perform pattern matching, but we have several alternatives for that. We can use functional programming with TypeScript, which supports Option, which can be used to perform pattern matching. It supports two values that are ‘None’ and ‘Some’. We have some external library available which can be used to the project by using npm, and we have to include the respective packages to use them while coding in TypeScript.
Here we will see this points in more detail with a sample example in TypeScript to see how it internally works.
1. Use External Packages
We can follow the below commands to add the packages to the application.
npm install --save pattern-matching-tsThis above command will install and save the package into the application by making an entry in the .json file.
pattern-matching-ts/lib/matchBefore using them directly into the program, we have included the above package in our file. If we do not include the above package, it will give a compile-time error as we know typescript performs strict checking.
2. Use Switch Case
This is as simple and easy to use as any other programming language. We just have to supply the input here and write some case based on the condition it will match the given pattern and return us the correct result.
Example:
Code:
function demoMatchFunction(input: any): any {
switch (input) {
case 1:
return 'Hi ! I am matched !!';
case 2:
return 'Matched !!';
case 3:
return 'Matched !!!';
case 4:
return 'Matched !!!';
default:
return `${input}`;
}
}In the above lines of code, we are creating one function which accepts any type of parameter as the input param here. Inside the function, we have written a switch statement to check whether the passed value matches with any of the statement. If it matches with any of the above statement, it will return us the value else; it will just come out.
But this has some drawbacks; also see below:
- We have to write so many case statements, but we have only 4, but in future, something changes, and we have to add one more case, then it will fail.
- It is not like regular expression, which can handle any type of input param and handle it.
3. Use Option
We can use Option from TypeScript, which returns two things based on the param we passed: ‘ Some’ and ‘None’.
Example:
Code:
type Option<T> = None | Some<T>Points to remember while working with pattern matching in TypeScript:
- TypeScript does not support any built-in function or library.
- If we want to implement it, we can use alternatives available.
- If they are not efficient, then we can add an external library to our application.
- We can use the function programming option for pattern matching as well.
Example of TypeScript Pattern Matching
Given below is the example mentioned:
In this example, we are trying to implement pattern matching in TypeScript using a switch statement. We are trying to match the string here.
Code:
class DemoPattern {
demomatchfunction(input: string): string {
switch (input) {
case 'hi':
return 'Hi i am one input ';
case 'hello':
return 'Hi i am two input ';
case 'bye':
return 'Hi i am three input ';
case 'not matched':
return 'Hi i am four input ';
case 'matched':
return 'Hi i am five input ';
default:
return `${input}`;
}
}
}
console.log("Demo to show pattern matching in Typescript using switch !!");
let obj = new DemoPattern();
let result1 = obj.demomatchfunction('calling first');
let result2 = obj.demomatchfunction('hi');
let result3 = obj.demomatchfunction('hello');
let result4 = obj.demomatchfunction('matched');
let result5 = obj.demomatchfunction('I am the default one !!');
console.log("printing result !!!");
console.log("Result one is ::" + result1);
console.log("Result two is ::" + result2);
console.log("Result three is ::" + result3);
console.log("Result four is ::" + result4);
console.log("Result five is ::" + result5);Output:
Conclusion
Pattern matching is not easy in TypeScript because we do not have any simple way to define for it, neither we have any built-in function or library for that in TypeScript. We have to use the alternative or install and save some external library to make it work as we want. Also, we can use functional programming with TypeScript, which provides us ‘Option’ to make this work in TypeScript.
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