Overview of Statement of Cash Flows
The cash flow statement is a statement showing the inflow and outflow of the funds during the given period. It reflects the cash movement in the various balance sheets and income statements under operating, investing, and financial activities.
Operating Activities are related to core business activities. Investing Activities form part of other income that is derived from the investments made by the company. Financial activities provide details related to financial structure and transactions related to borrowings and advances made by the company.
In the below section, let’s understand the concept of cash flow with specified examples for each activity.
Examples of Statement of Cash Flows
Examples of Statement of Cash Flow are as Follows:
Example – #1
Below is the extract of the Cash Flow Statement of Apple Inc showing cash flow from operating activities:
Source: http://www.annualreports.com
The above statement is prepared as per the indirect method. In the Indirect method, cash flow from operating activities is derived from the net income by adjusting non-cash expenses and other current assets and current liabilities components.
Non-Cash Expenses Like
- Depreciation and amortization worth $ 48351 Mn
- Share-based compensation Expenses Worth $ 10157 Mn
- Deferred income tax expense worth $ 5966 Mn
- Other Misc. non-cash income worth $ 166 Mn
Are added and deducted from the net income.
In addition, balance sheet items like current assets and current liability items are duly adjusted to the bet income.
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The Rule is that
- An increase in current liability increases the cash flow
- The decrease in current liability reduces the cash flow
- An increase in the current asset reduces the cash flow
- The decrease in the current asset increases the cash flow
Based on the Given Rule,
Debtors, Inventories, Non-tradeable Vendors, Creditors, and other current assets and liabilities are adjusted to arrive at the cash generated by the operating activity.
At the end of the period, cash from the operating activity is generated worth $ 63598 Mn.
This shows the company is having good operative conditions, which is boosting the operating margin as well.
Example – #2
Below is the extract of the cash flow statement of British Petroleum showing cash flow from investing activities ( fig in $ Mn)
Source: www.bp.com
The main business of British petroleum is to sell petrol at the retail level through petrol pumps. Its main assets are Owned Petrol pumps, Oil and Gas properties, Oil Depots, storage tanks, Intellectual properties, and intangibles related to brand BP, transportation trucks, and furniture.
These assets need to be maintained with due care to ensure the smooth running of the business. From the above extract, it is evident that
- The company has made a huge investment in fixed assets, intangibles, and property plants and equipment.
- Moreover, the company has also acquired few entities worth $ 6986 Mn to expand its horizon and to cover new geographies.
- Also, to enhance the skills and capacity of working, BP has undertaken operations in joint ventures in the form of Joint venture and Associates worth $ 1395 Mn.
- It has sold out the assets and earned an income of $ 940 Mn
- Also, various segments and operations are sold out at $ 1911 Mn, which shows the stability of investment income.
Thus, on an overall basis, one can say that the cash flow of British petroleum from investment activates is highly appropriate and shows the solvency of the business.
Example – #3
Below is the extract of the cash flow statement of Microsoft Corporation showing cash flow from Financing activities ( fig in $ Mn)
Source: www.microsoft.com
The main business of Microsoft Corporation is Information technology. It develops software, platforms and customized applications to cater to the business needs.
Microsoft is one of the cash-rich companies in the world. It is one of the most stable corporations that earn thousands of dollars every second. In the above extract, we can observe that,
- Loans worth $ 12885 Mn is repaid with interest.
- Also, Microsoft has issued debentures and bonds worth $ 44344 Mn in public
- The company has issued further equity capital of $ 772 Mn and bought back its own shares worth $ 11788Mn
- The company is highly cashed rich; hence it has declared a dividend worth $ 11845 Mn to its shareholders
The above particulars show that the company is maintaining a high level of cash to asset ratio, as a result of which they are able to maintain the goodwill in the market, which helps them in obtaining borrowings, issuing debt instruments, buy back its own shares, and over and above all of these, to pay the dividend to the shareholders.
Example – #4
Below is the extract of the cash flow statement of Alphabet Inc., showing cash flow from Financing activities ( fig in $ Mn)
Source: abc.xyz
Alphabet Inc, popularly known as Google, is the pioneer of the internet search engine and data mart. It has the largest data mart presently on the earth. It is considered as the backup of many industries, which can be stopped if google stops working.
The above extract shows the complete cash flows for 3 years at Alphabet Inc. One can understand below points from the given extract:
- Cash flow from operating activities has been grown throughout the 3 years. This shows the expansion of 40% in revenue terms, which reflects the expansion of operations of Google gradually, Its advertisement expense helps it in earning a high amount of cash, and with digital media, they are able to cover the market with almost 50% of online advertisement industry.
- Cash flow from investing activity displays an increase in the investment made by the company to increase its operations globally. Cash flow from investing activity has been grown at 32% cumulatively in 3 years. Google is considered a pioneer in acquiring start-ups and try to leverage the new skills and youth power available in the start-ups.
- Google has a high brand value. People will rely on any activity with which Google is associated. Based on this goodwill, Google can obtain the borrowings from the institution, issue debt instruments, and raise the capital as well. Moreover, Google is also capable of repaying the borrowed funds duly on time with interest. The repayment of debt in the last 3 years has almost doubled. One can clearly understand that reserves and cash have increased with Google, which has helped them repay their borrowed funds.
Conclusion
Thus, from the above, we can understand that the Cash flow statement provides a brief highlight of the cash movement of the corporation. From the same, we can verify the major chunk of the heads in which corporations are expanding.
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