Introduction to IoT Interview Questions and Answers
IoT (Internet of Things) is an advanced automation and analytics systems which exploits networking, big data, sensing, and Artificial intelligence technology to give a complete system for a product or service. IoT systems allow users to achieve deeper automation, integration, and analysis within a system. It exploits recent advances in software, falling hardware prices and modern attitudes toward technology.
Benefits of IoT
Allows IOT devices to remotely control over the Internet, thus it creates opportunities to connect directly and integrate the physical world to the computer-based systems using internet and sensors.
The major benefits for IoT are:
- Improved customer engagement: IoT improves customer experience by automating the action. E.g. Any issue in the car will be automatically detected by sensors. The driver, as well as the manufacturer, will be notified about it.
- Technical optimization: IOT has helped in improving technologies and improving them.
- Reduced waste: Our current insights are superficial, but IoT provides real-time information leading to effective decision making and management of resources.
Now, if you are looking for a job which is related to IoT then you need to prepare for the 2021 IoT Interview Questions. It is true that every interview is different as per the different job profiles. Here, we have prepared the important IoT Interview Questions and Answers which will help you get success in your interview.
In this 2021 IoT Interview Questions article, we shall present 10 most important and frequently used IoT interview questions. These interview questions are divided into two parts are as follows:
Part 1 – IoT Interview Questions (Basic)
This first part covers basic Interview Questions and Answers.
Q1. What are the main parts of IoT systems?
Answer:
IoT system consists of three main parts:
- Sensors
- Network connectivity
- Data storage applications.
Q2. What are security concerns related to IoT?
Answer:
This is the common IoT Interview Questions asked in an interview. Data security and privacy are major concerns related to IoT. These devices are vulnerable to hacking and cloud endpoints could be used by hackers to attack servers. Software developers and device designers have to ensure adequate security and privacy measures.
Q3. Explain the IoT protocol stack.
Answer:
IoT has 4 protocol layers:
- Sensing and information: Includes various smart sensor devices based on GPS, RFID, Wi-Fi, etc.
- Network connectivity: Layer is based on a wired and wireless network such as WLAN, WMAN, Ethernet, optical fiber and more.
- Information processing layer
- Application layer
Q4. Explain the basic architecture of the IoT network.
Answer:
IoT has three main parts namely sensors, network connectivity and data storage applications. Sensors either communicate directly with the central server for data storage or communicate via gateway devices. A gateway can handle various wireless interfaces that’s why one gateway can handle multiple technologies and multiple sensors. The typical wireless technologies used widely are Zigbee, Zwave, RFID, NFC etc. gateway interfaces with the cloud using wireless or wired technologies such as Wi-Fi, Mobile or Fiber, DSL.
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The IoT hardware system can be constructed using Micro-Controller Units. Choice of Micro-controller depends on the system on chip resources, the power required and interfaces needed as per different sensors and memory requirements.
To finalize the IoT hardware architecture following aspects are required to study:
- Type of sensors/actuators.
- Communication interface type.
- Amount of data to be captured and transmitted.
- A frequency of data transportation.
IoT software architecture is based on open source components like Arduino, Linux (Raspberry Pi)
Q5. Explain Bluetooth Low Energy protocol for an IOT?
Nokia originally introduced this protocol as wibree in 2006. Additionally, known as Bluetooth smart this protocol presents the same range coverage with a good deal of decreased strength intake because of the unique Bluetooth. It has comparable bandwidth with narrow spacing utilized by ZigBee. Low electricity latency and decrease complexity makeable greater appropriate to include into low-cost microcontrollers.
Part 2 – IoT Interview Questions (Advanced)
Let us now have a look at the advanced Interview Questions and Answers.
Q6. What is the top 5 Machine to Machine (M2M) applications in the world?
Answer:
They are as follows:
- Asset tracking and monitoring in some form or some other (stolen automobiles, fleet, construction system, and many others seems to be the biggest.
- Insurance telematics is huge as it gives insurance groups the possibility to cut the threat and force higher/extra appealing pricing.
- Utilities/automatic meter reading/clever grids – plenty of regulation and funding into this in the intervening time. There a plenty of countrywide solutions because the requirements and business case are driven in very numerous ways.
- Automotive is also very big and is driven by consumer’s demand.
- mHealth is also present in small scale.
Q7. How might Internet Address (IPv6) affect the development and implementation of the Internet of Things?
Answer:
This is the most popular IoT Interview Questions asked in an interview. A barrier to the improvement of IoT is the technical boundaries of the version of the network protocol(IP) that is used most widely. IP is the set of rules that computers use to ship and receive statistics via the internet, including a specific address that every connected device or item should have to speak. Model four (ipv4) is presently in widest use. It can accommodate about four billion addresses and its miles near saturation, with few new addresses available in many parts of the sector.
Version 6 (ipv6) allows for a big increase within the wide variety IP addresses. With ipv4, the maximum number of particular addresses, 4.2 billion, is not sufficient to provide even one deal with for every of the 7.3 billion human beings on earth. Ipv6, in an evaluation, will accommodate over 1038 addresses extra than a thousand billion trillion per man or woman.
Q8. What is the difference between a wireless sensor network (WSN) and the Internet of Things(IoT) network?
Answer:
WSN: Wi-Fi sensor community is the foundation of IoT packages. WSN is a network of motes, fashioned to look at, to take a look at or to monitor bodily parameters of desired utility.
e.g. motes deployed in agricultural land, screen temp-humidity or maybe soil moisture, who gathers statistics and ideal statistics analysis procedure consequences approximately crop yields-high quality or amount.
IoT: IoT is a community of bodily objects managed and monitored over the internet. Now just as win, in its application, you will stumble upon the monitoring of physical parameters. But preferred results are little different. IoT is about M2M, it’s far greater than bringing smartness into daily gadgets.
e.g. device hooked in your thermostat monitors surrounding temperature and adjust it to maximum favored placing for.
Q9. What is meant by a smart city regarding the Internet of Things?
Answer:
As with IoT and different popular era terms, there is no established consensus definition or set of standards for characterizing what a smart metropolis is. Precise characterizations vary widely, however in fashionable they involve the use of IoT and related technologies to improve energy, transportation, governance, and other municipal offerings for certain desires which includes sustainability or advanced great of lifestyles.
Q10. What is Bluegiga APX4 protocol for an Internet of Things?
Answer:
Bluegiga and wireless together may be used without interference as they are compliable to coexistence protocols. The bluegiga apx4 supports both Bluetooth and Wi-Fi and is based on a 450mhz arm9 processor.
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