Condition in MySQL

Introduction to Condition in MySQL

Condition in MySQL can be defined as an open-source RDBMS (Relational Database Management System) that uses a standard language SQL – Structured Query Language for manipulating, storing and retrieving records in databases. In simple words, we can say that MYSQL is a Database server that is fast, secure and easy to use application for many small and big businesses and different purposes – Web Database, Data Warehousing, E-Commerce, Logging applications and more.

A database encompasses one or multiple tables with rows and columns. Each table is represented by a name and SQL statements are used to perform any action on a database. Here, we will discuss Conditional statements in MYSQL which are based on some conditional expressions. An expression can be any arrangement of MySQL literals like variables, operators, and functions that on execution returns a logical value if the condition is satisfied.

Conditional Operators in MySQL

Let’s first view some of the important SQL statements with the syntax:

1. SELECT– extracts/select records from a database.  ‘*’ denotes ‘all ’.

SELECT column1, column2,......  FROM table_name;
SELECT * FROM table_name;

2. UPDATE– updates existing fields in a database

UPDATE tablename SET col1 = value1, col2 = value2, ... WHERE condition;

3. DELETE– deletes records from a database

DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition;

4. DROP DATABASE – Deletes database

DROP DATABASE database_name;

5. INSERT INTO– adds new records into the database

INSERT INTO name_of_table (col1,col2,   ...) VALUES (val1, val2, ...);

6. CREATE DATABASE– generates a new database

CREATE DATABASE databasename;

7. CREATE TABLE– generates a new table

CREATE TABLE tablename ( col1 datatype, col2 datatype, col3 datatype, .... );

8. ALTER TABLE– make changes to a table

ALTER TABLE table_name ADD column_name datatype;

9. DROP TABLE– removes a table

DROP TABLE table_name;

10. CREATE INDEX– produces an index (search key)

CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name (column1, column2, ...);

11. DROP INDEX– removes an index

DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name;

1. SQL Arithmetic Operators

Operators	Descriptions
+	Add
–	Subtract
*	Multiply
/	Divide
%	Modulo

2. SQL Bitwise Operators

Operator	Description
&	Bitwise AND
|	Bitwise OR
^	Bitwise exclusive OR

3. SQL Comparison Operators

Operator	Description
=	Equal to
>	Greater than
<	Less than
>=	Greater than or equal to
<=	Less than or equal to
<>	Not equal to

4. SQL Logical Operators

Operator	Description
ALL	TRUE if all of the subquery values satisfy the condition.
AND	TRUE if all the conditional expressions separated by AND is TRUE.
ANY	TRUE if any of the subquery values satisfy the condition.
BETWEEN	TRUE if the operand is inside the series of comparisons.
EXISTS	TRUE if the subquery results in one or more fields.
IN	TRUE if the operand matches one of a list of expressions.
LIKE	TRUE if the operand equals a pattern.
NOT	Shows a record if the condition(s) is FALSE.
OR	TRUE if any of the conditions separated by OR is valid.
SOME	TRUE if any of the subquery values satisfy the condition.

5. Conditional Operators

You can learn and practice the SQL queries from educba.com a very easy and simple understanding way.

1. IF() Function

If the condition is the TRUE result is “YES” and if the condition is FALSE then “NO”.

Syntax:

IF(condition, value_if_true, value_if_false)

SQL Statement: 

SELECT IF(400<2000, "YES", "NO");

Output:

2. COALESCE () Function

Results in the first non-null value in a list.

Syntax:

COALESCE (val1, val2, ...., val_n)

SQL Statement:   

SELECT COALESCE (NULL, 1, 5, 'example.com');

Output:

3. CASE Function

Checks all the conditions and if the first condition is met, returns a value and will not read further. If no conditions are fulfilled, then the value will be returned in the ELSE clause. But again, it will return NULL if no ELSE portion and no conditional expressions are true.

Syntax:

CASE
WHEN condition1 THEN result1
WHEN condition2 THEN result2
WHEN conditionN THEN resultN
ELSE result
END;

Suppose a table Customer:

SQL Statement:   

SELECT CustomerID, CustomerName, Address FROM Customers
ORDER BY (CASE
WHEN Address IS NULL THEN  City
ELSE Address
END);

Output:

4. ISNULL () Function

Results 1 if the expression is NULL otherwise returns 0.

Syntax:

SELECT ISNULL (expr)

SQL Statement:   

SELECT ISNULL (NULL);

Output:

SQL Statement:

SELECT ISNULL ("Hello!");

Output:

5. NULLIF () Function

If two expressions are equal on comparison then it returns NULL. Otherwise if not then the first expression is the result.

Syntax:

SELECT NULLIF (expr1, expr2)

SQL Statement:

SELECT NULLIF (30, 30);

Output:          

SQL Statement:

SELECT NULLIF (50, "Test");

Output:

6. IFNULL () Function

A particular value is returned if the expression is NULL and if NOT NULL then it returns the expression. Syntax:

SELECT IFNULL (expr, alt_value)

SQL Statement:   

SELECT IFNULL (NULL, "Learning SQL");

Output:      

SQL Statement:

SELECT IFNULL ("100", "Database SQL");
Output:                       

7. GREATEST

It results in the biggest value from a list of two or multiple terms. If any conditional expression in the list is NULL then it returns NULL.

Syntax:

SELECT GREATEST (expr1, expr2 [...])

SQL Statement:   

SELECT GREATEST(10, 35, 88, 55);

Output:    

8. IN

Checks if a value is inside a set of given or listed values or not. We can use it with CHECK, WHERE, and creation of views.

Syntax:

WHERE column IN (y1, y2, y3 [...])

SQL Statement:

SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE city IN ('Bareilly', 'Katihar',’Delhi’);

Output:

9. LEAST

It provides the least value from the list of two or multiple expressions and the result will be NULL if there is NULL value expression in the list.

Syntax:

SELECT LEAST (expr1, expr2 [, ...])

SQL Statement:     

SELECT LEAST (10, 35, 88, 55);
Output:

Conclusion – Condition in MySQL

If we want to create a web site that displays data from a database, we need to know:

• An RDBMS database platform such as MS Access, SQL Server, MySQL.
• PHP, ASP, Python, Java, Node.js, JavaScript-like server-side scripting languages.
• Query language SQL to access the records from the database that we want to show on the webpage.
• Knowledge of HTML and CSS to elegance the page.

Generally, IFandCASE is the standard conditional statements used in MYSQL. These conditional operators have reduced the use of multiple OR conditions for SELECT, UPDATE, INSERT, or DELETE SQL statements. So, conditional operators in MYSQL are probably useful for filtering the data and providing exact results based on certain conditions so that it saves our time and effort for fetching information from Database.

Recommended Articles

This is a guide to Condition in MySQL. Here we discuss the Introduction, Conditional Operators in MySQL and Types of SQL Operators along with their Syntax and Outputs. You can also go through our other related articles to learn more–

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