Introduction to Tkinter after
The Tkinter after() is one of the methods for the Tkinter package and this method is used to calculate the time intervals for the functions in the application parallel. It calculates the time using milliseconds format whether the widget seems to be delayed or not since the Tkinter is a GUI based library also it’s a most powerful object-oriented interface so whenever the UI widgets like button etc. It automatically calls the specific function behavior and it also passed the parameters is to be used for the data-binding arguments if we have no specific values of the specific argument then it goes to the default state behavior.
Syntax
The Tkinter most powerful GUI based widget it has the most advanced library methods in python. It has more number of global methods hence after() also one of the global methods it can be used directly on the specific root functions of the widget or application. It has its own syntax and default parameters.
from tkinter import Tk //import the library in python
from tkinter.ttk import Button //import the library in python
variablename =functionName() //Tk library function
variablename.after(time(if it’s in delay status or not),callback)
--some python code logics---In the above code we used first to import the specific libraries and we declared one variable name with the specific function it must be Tk library function and the same variable will be called as another method called after() in that we passed the two arguments one is a delay time interval and another one is callback method if it is in delay then it will be executed another time interval.
How does it Work?
Tkinter package has a set of built-in functions that has been used for covering the UI parts in the web application. It has the most interactive and advanced library it can be calculated the functionalities for the time, speed, and even though some AI-based functionality also covered in this widget. Basically, we want to decorate the UI has buttons, views, scroll box, etc mostly buttons will be the UI area to navigate the web pages or applications. Once we clicked the button it operates and works the backend areas. We also calculate the time intervals in chrome or some other browsers if it seems to be a web-based application. Whenever the button is clicked by the user the function will be called using the backend command-line options with the help of function names we would like to call when the button is to be clicked by the user. If we have not given any specific values to the method after(delay,callback) it can take only the default values. For example, we have not given any delay times and callback argument values the callback has taken None value delay argument has default called sleep() method of the python code. Also, it has taken milliseconds as the time format instead of the seconds.
The after() method also calls all the Tkinter widgets of the python apps. Tkinter will be supported on the multiple OS like windows, Linux, etc. It is a standard library also we can create the desktop based applications using python Tkinter also its not a complex task we can use the Tkinter basic widgets like “Button,Canvas,Checkbutton,Frame,Label,Listbox,Menu,Message,Radiobutton,Text, etc” these widgets mostly covered in the UI part and these widget packages utilize the method called after() in all the widgets. Mostly time related logic it has been covered and the multi-threading applications also most important part in these particular method in the Tkinter library. The Tkinter have separate modules and it has the own interface like Tkinter interface is located in the module called a binary module and it’s named as _tkinter and also it accepts the Boolean type of values.
Examples of Tkinter after
Lets us discuss the examples of Tkinter after.
Example 1
from tkinter import *
from time import time
from tkinter.ttk import Button
demos= Tk()
b = Button(demos, text = 'Welcome To My Domain')
b.pack(pady = 77,side = TOP)
pink = Button(demos, text = "pink")
pink.pack( side = TOP)
green = Button(demos, text = "green")
green.pack( side = BOTTOM )
violet = Button(demos, text = "violet")
violet.pack( side = LEFT )
yellow = Button(demos, text = "yellow")
yellow.pack( side = RIGHT)
print('The Tk Widget is running on the screen...')
startingtime = time()
demos.after(200000, demos.destroy)
demos.mainloop()
endingtime = time()
print('The Tk Widget is closed after % d seconds' % (endingtime-startingtime))Output:
Example 2
from tkinter import *
user = Tk()
uname = Label(user,text = "uname").grid(row =0, column = 0)
un= Entry(user).grid(row = 0, column = 0)
passw = Label(user,text = "pass").grid(row = 1, column = 1)
ps = Entry(user).grid(row = 1, column = 1)
result = Button(user, text = "submit").grid(row = 3, column = 3)
user.mainloop()
try:
import tkinter as tk
except ImportError:
import Tkinter as tk
class Timer:
def __init__(first, second):
first.seconds = 1
first.label = tk.Label(second, text="1s", font="Arial 25", width=17)
first.label.pack()
first.label.after(3000, first.demo)
def demo(first):
first.seconds += 1
first.label.configure(text="%i s" % first.seconds)
first.label.after(2000, first.demo)
if __name__ == "__main__":
demos = tk.Tk()
tme = Timer(demos)
demos.mainloop()
Output:
Example 3
from tkinter import Tk, mainloop, TOP
from tkinter.ttk import Button
from tkinter.messagebox import _show
sample = Tk()
btn = Button(sample, text = 'Welcome To my Domain')
btn.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
b2 = Button(sample, text = 'Welcome To my Domain')
b2.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
b3 = Button(sample, text = 'Welcome To my Domain')
b3.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
b4 = Button(sample, text = 'Welcome To my Domain')
b4.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
sample.after(3400, lambda : _show('user', 'Have a Nice Day'))
sample.after(5400, sample.destroy)
btn.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
b5 = Button(sample, text = 'Welcome To my Domain')
b5.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
b6 = Button(sample, text = 'Welcome To my Domain')
b6.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
b7 = Button(sample, text = 'Welcome To my Domain')
b7.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
mainloop()
b8 = Button(sample, text = 'Welcome To my Domain')
b8.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
b9 = Button(sample, text = 'Welcome To my Domain')
b9.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
b10 = Button(sample, text = 'Welcome To my Domain')
b10.pack(side = TOP, pady = 7)
mainloop()Output:
Conclusion
The after() is one of the methods in the Tkinter library of the python script using that we can create the different types of GUI presentations and also it has been more user-friendly when compared to the other GUI based technologies. Likewise, the python Tkinter library have default methods to create UI widgets in both desktop and web based applications.
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