Introduction to Electronics Engineering
The following article provides an outline for Electronics Engineering Interview Questions. Electronics Engineering is a division in Electrical domain that deals with flow of electrons in semiconductors and the way of controlling it. This study has led to development of Diodes, Transistors and Integrated Circuits (IC).
These ICs are part of the many devices impacting our day to day life from Mobile Phone, TV, Audio/Video Equipment, Personal Computers, Storage Devices, Satellites, Radars, Communication Devices House Hold Equipment, Machinery, Aviation devices and many other household equipment. Apart from being part of Electrical/Computer Science branches of Engineering, Electronics Engineering is well integrated and imbibed into other branches like Mechanical, Aeronautical, Chemical, Civil Engineering to bring out innovative solutions for users.
Top Interview Questions of Electronics Engineering
Given below are the top interview questions of electronics engineering:
Q1. Define what is electronics?
Answer:
It is an amalgamation of Physics and Electricity used in tracking the flow of Charge (Electrons) through non-metallic media like Gases, Vacuums, Semi-conductors and study their behaviour and use it in the design of Electronic devices. These devices exploit the controlling aspects of electrons like its resistance to flow, capacity to store and charge magnetically to achieve its operation objectives.
Q2. Describe evolution of electronics?
Answer:
Electricity was in use during the time period prior to 19th Century and in 20th Century, the flow of low voltage power through vacuum tubes, its resistance, ability to get charged and generation of electron flow and controlling it helped in processing signals. Diode and Triode Valves helped in amplifying the signal and it gave birth to Radio and other electronic devices.
Diode and Triode Valves were replaced in 1960s with semiconductors and Transistors and it helped in reducing the size of the electronic devices appreciably. It consumed less power also. Integrated Circuits, a microchip, a miniaturised version of electronic circuit fabricated on a single board revolutionised the electronic devices in a bigger way by reducing the size, number of components and the price. From 1970 ICs have played a major role in the development of PCs, mobile devices, microcomputers and other new electronic devices.
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Q3. What does electronic circuit consist of?
Answer:
Electronic components such as Capacitors, Resistors, Diodes, Inductors and Transistors are assembled on a printed circuit board and this circuit performs designed functionalities. A tuner circuit found in a Radio is to filter out unwanted frequency waves and receive only the required frequency and it contains components and design to achieve this purpose.
Q4. What are the subfields of electronics engineering?
Answer:
The major subfields in Electronics Engineering are:
a. Signal Processing: This subject manages the signals which may be Analog or Digital. Analog signals that may vary continuously with information may require modulation/demodulation for communicating signals and filtering/amplification for audio. Digital signal may need compression, error detection when they are processed.
b. Communication: Information can be either communicated through Optical fibre cable/Co-axial cable or in wireless mode.
Wireless communication can be through:
- Radio frequency transmission using transmitter and receiver
- Infrared transmission for short distance
- Micro wave transmission
- Light wave transmission
- Satellite communication
- Bluetooth communication
Cellular communication is used for Phones and GPRS is used for location tracking.
c. Aerospace: It deals with management of Flight data including Metrological data and navigational data, communication with base station and integration with Aircraft instrumentation information.
d. Electromagnetics: It handles transmission of signals through electromagnetic waves.
e. Control Engineering: Uses feedback mechanism in designing control for any system. It controls operations in an aircraft, Car or any other instruments.
f. Instrumentation Engineering: Signals from Instruments that measures temperature, pressure and flow are used to control the operations of the system they are connected to. Sensors fitted in these instruments emits signal to the control systems for monitoring and taking action.
g. VLSI Design: It handles integration of very large scale integration of ICs.
h. Computer Hardware: Microcomputers, Industrial Computers, Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), Embedded System, Software controlled hardware systems are part of Electronics Engineering.
Q5. Is electrical and electronics are one another same?
Answer:
No. They are different. Electronics is a sub system in Electrical domain. Electronics is built on the principles of cause and effects of Electrons flowing through semiconductor whereas Electrical is built on the principle of flow of electrons flowing through metals. Flow of electrons through Silicon is dealt in Electronics and flow through copper is dealt in Electrical.
Q6. What are the differences between electrical device and electronic device?
Answer:
Electrical Devices:
- It converts electrical energy into physical energy
- Metals like Copper/Aluminium are used mostly
- Uses high voltage alternating current
- Power consumption is high and takes more space
- Responds faster but has no data processing capability
- Low in safety and does mechanical work mostly
Electronic Devices:
- Converts electrical energy into a defined work
- Non-metals like Silicon and Germanium are used
- Uses low voltage direct current
- Power consumption us low and takes very little space
- Has data processing capability
- High in safety
- Does signal processing and data crunching work
Q7. How does an electronics device work?
Answer:
Any electronics device has:
- Input System: Receives signal from external world and converts it into electric signals.
- Processing: Signals are processed and action result is arrived at.
- Output: Takes the result out of the processing system and convert it into outside world readable signal.
A radio receives electromagnetic waves from the air through antenna and the tuner circuit filters out only the frequency tuned and the transistor circuit amplifies the audio.
Q8. What does an electronics engineer do?
Answer:
Design Innovative Telecommunicating system by imbibing Physics, Mathematics and other Engineering technologies. Design robotics to automate manufacturing activity as well as non-manufacturing activity. Build effective control system by interfacing with physical world to monitor and control processes.
Design effective Manufacturing Execution systems to facilitate manufacturing 4.0. Simply the existing interfaces between man and machine and machine and system to improve productivity. Develop software that will control the function of any physical system in real time mode without human intervention.
Conclusion – Electronics Engineering Interview Questions
Today’s world is full of gadgets and we are ruled by gadgets, apps and cell phones. Sensors connects everything on the earth with internet and spawned many IOT applications. These applications made our life simple and our world small. Electronics is the backbone for the all these achievements.
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