Introduction to CSS Drop Shadow
CSS treats each element as a box. It provides various features to style each element. But as far as the rendering of the elements in a page and overall layout is concerned, the box model is the most important feature that CSS offers. In addition to this, CSS offers another feature where, while treating the element as a box, we can give it a shadow effect. This feature is commonly called box-shadow, but can also be addressed as drop-shadow.
How to Create Drop Shadow?
Syntax:
The syntax for a drop shadow or box-shadow is as follows:
box-shadow: horizontal-offset vertical-offset blur-radius spread-radius(option) color
Here, horizontal offset refers to the shadow towards left or right. If the value is positive, then the shadow will be towards the right and the shadow will be towards left for a negative value. Vertical offset refers to the top or bottom shadow. If the value is positive, the shadow will be at the bottom or below the box and in case of negative value the shadow will be on top or above the box. Blur decides the sharpness of the shadow. The higher the blur radius, the less sharp the shadow will appear. Spread radius is an optional parameter that decides the size of the shadow. While a positive value means larger size, negative means vice versa. Colour is a parameter, which decides the color of the shadow.
box-shadow: none|inset|initial|inherit
Given above are some of the values that can be used with box-shadow property. None will give no shadow for the box. Inset will give an inner shadow instead of an outer shadow. This property is optional. initial will set all the values of the box-shadow property to the initial state. And finally, inheritance will take the property values of the parent element and use the same for styling the current element.
Examples of CSS Drop Shadow
Let us have a look at some of the examples to understand how drop-shadow property work in CSS:
Example #1
Demonstration of basic box-shadow property through external CSS.
- We will be implementing this example through external CSS. So first and foremost, we will create a CSS file.
- Since the box-shadow can be used as a part of box-model also, we will create a box-model style for the heading element <h2>.
Code:
h2{
width: 500px;
font-size: 18px;
padding: 20px 50px;
border: 10px dotted pink;
margin: 10px 50px;
box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px purple;
background-color: lightcoral;
text-align: center;
}
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- Similarly, we will create another styling for the paragraph element <p>.
Code:
p{
height: 50px;
width: 300px;
padding: 10px;
border: 15px double lightskyblue;
margin: 10px 60px;
box-shadow: -10px 10px 15px 15px grey;
background-color: lightslategrey;
color: white;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 20px;
}
- The CSS file, after combining the above two snippets should look like this.
Code:
h2{
width: 500px;
font-size: 18px;
padding: 20px 50px;
border: 10px dotted pink;
margin: 10px 50px;
box-shadow: 5px 5px 10px purple;
background-color: lightcoral;
text-align: center;
}
p{
height: 50px;
width: 300px;
padding: 10px;
border: 15px double lightskyblue;
margin: 10px 60px;
box-shadow: -10px 10px 15px 15px grey;
background-color: lightslategrey;
color: white;
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: 20px;
}
- Next, we will create an HTML page. Since this is an external CSS, we will call the CSS file in the head section.
- We will use both elements <h2> and <p>, such that we can see the final results of the styling.
- The final HTML code should be similar to this.
Code:
<html>
<head>
<title>Testing Box Shadow</title>
<link rel = "stylesheet" href = "box.css">
</head>
<body>
<h2>This is test for box-shadow or drop-shadow</h2>
<p>This is the box model style testing for paragraph element</p>
</body>
</html>
- Once this file is saved, it can be opened through a browser.
- The final result should be similar to the below image:
Output:
Example #2
Demonstrating the ‘inset’ feature through External CSS.
- By default, box-shadow will produce an outer shadow for the element. However, if one wants to display an inner shadow, the optional feature inset can be used.
- Like the previous example, we will create a CSS file first.
- We will style the paragraph element and make use of the inset feature to display an inner border.
- The final CSS code should be similar to this snippet.
Code:
p{
height: 100px;
width: 400px;
padding: 15px;
border: 5px dotted lightskyblue;
margin: 20px 60px;
box-shadow: inset 10px 10px 15px 15px grey;
color: blue;
font-size: 20px;
font-family: fantasy;
}
- Now that the CSS file is finalized, we will move on to code the HTML page. We will use paragraph element <p> so that we can see how the inset feature works for the box-shadow.
Code:
<html>
<head>
<title>Testing Box Shadow</title>
<link rel = "stylesheet" href = "box.css">
</head>
<body>
<p>This is the box shadow inset style testing for paragraph element</p>
<p>This is second test for the inset box-shadow</p>
</body>
</html>
- Saving this HTML file and opening through any browser should give an output similar to this.
Output:
Example #3
Demonstrating drop-shadow through inline CSS.
- Since we are using Inline CSS in this example, we can directly code the HTML page.
- We will add the styling using the style parameter for the paragraph element <p>.
Code:
<html>
<head>
<title>Testing Drop Shadow</title>
</head>
<body>
<p style="height: 100px; width: 400px; box-shadow: 10px 10px 5px grey; border: 2px dotted lightblue;">Testing drop-shadow through inline CSS</p>
</body>
</html>
- Save this HTML page and open through a browser to see the following output.
Output:
The above example demonstrated the use of drop shadow. This is a feature that can be used to give a three-dimensional impact to an element. It can be tried with various combinations in the box-model or separately as well.
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