Introduction to Nested For Loop in R
In Nested For Loop in R, R makes use of the control structures to manage the execution of the expression, one such control structure is Nested For Loop a similar to basic ‘for’ loop executes. It can be defined as placing one ‘for’ loop inside the first ‘for’ loop is called as nesting or loop of loops in some terms, which takes the responsibility of two loops such that the outer loop controls the number of repetition of the whole inner detailed information until it is false, in other words, the inner loop executes n-times of every execution of the outer for loop and also it’s a great tool to work with R Programming Language.
Syntax:
The basic syntax is given below:
for (variable in sequence) {
for (variable in sequence)
{
expression // expression statements can be a single statement of R or group of statements.
} }
Here variable implies iteration value used in a sequence and sequence is a set of values or objects that could be numbers or characters.
Sample:
for(i in 1:n)
{
for(j in 1:n)
{
// block of statement
}
}
In the above general syntax, we could see two loop statements. Nested Loops are primarily meant for multi-dimensional array storage purposes which is widely used by the data scientist. We can use numeric as well as character indices.
Flowchart Structure
Below flowchart shows the R for Loop structures: In the below diagram for each value in the sequence, the loop gets executed. when there is no value it returns to end. Flowchart representing the steps of Nested ‘For’ Loop:
How Nested For Loop Works in R?
Nested for loops are used to manipulate a matrix by making a specific setting to a specific value and considered as a foundation skill in R Programming. This is more beneficial if we wish to extract a specific value from the corresponding row and column index. For instance, let’s take the following code:
Steps:
- Initially, the outer loop assigns k=1L and executes its statement which is to the inner loop, meanwhile the inner for loop assigns l=1L and therefore prints k=1, l=1. And now the inner loop executes itself as the statement is true and now ‘l’ is incremented to 1 will be set to l=2L and K value remains the same and we get the result as k=1 l=2. Similarly, do it for the next inner loop k=1 l=3.
- Now the inner loop is made false and got finished, and we proceed with the first outer loop where it takes k=2L and executes its following statement which is to be an Inner loop and assigns the same as the above process l=1L. Repeat the following iterations until the loop exits.
for (k in 1:3) {
for (l in 1:2) {
print(paste("k =", k, "l= ",l))
}
}
Now let’s see how it works in a two-dimensional array taking the mathematical concept matrix. To start with creating a code for a nested loop representing a number of rows and columns as integer positioned.
res = matrix(nrow=4, ncol=4) # create a 4 x 4 matrix (of 4 rows and 4 columns)
for(i in 1:nrow(res)) // Assigned a variable ‘i’for each row
{
for(j in 1:ncol(res)) // Assigned a variable ‘j for each column
{
res[i,j] = i*j // calculating product of two indices
}
}
print(res)
Examples of Nested For Loop in R
Below are the example of Nested For Loop in R:
Example #1
Using Simple For Structure.
Code:
for(i in 1:4)
{
for(j in 1:1)
{
print(i*j);
}
}
Output:
Example #2
Performing nest for loop along with if statement to do some complicated tasks. In the below example we shall declare a matrix using matrix () function and checking the variables i=j using if statement.
Code:
mt= 5
nt=5
cter=0
mym = matrix(0,mt,nt)
for (i in 0:mt) {
for (j in 0:nt) {
if(i==j) {
break;
} else
{
mym[i,j] = i*j
cter=cter+1
}
}
print(i*j)
}
print(cter)
Output:
Example #3
Implementation using Matrix to print the letters according to the rows and columns. here I have created a matrix 3x 4 matrix.
Code:
res <- matrix(1:12, ncol = 4,
dimnames = list(LETTERS[1:3], letters[4:7]))
print(res)
for (rname in c("A", "C")) {
for (cname in c("f", "g")) {
print(paste("Value of row", rname, "and column",
cname, "is", res[rname, cname]))
}
}
Output:
Example #4
Displaying Positive Absolute value Using Math function abs().
Code:
z <- matrix(NA_integer_, nrow = 4, ncol = 4)
for (m in 1:4) {
for (n in 1:4) {
z[m, n] <- abs(m - n)
}
}
print(z)
Output:
Example #5
Implementation with data frames in R Language using Nested For loop -matrix.
Code:
x=5; y=5;
mat<-replicate(x, rnorm(y))
mydfr=data.frame(mat)
system.time(
for (m in 1:x) {
for (n in 1:y) {
mydfr[m,n]<-mydfr[m,n] + 5*sin(0.62*pi)
}
}
)
Created normal random numbers with a data frame of 5 observations and 5 variables to check the execution time using the system.time() function.
Output:
Conclusion
So now to conclude, the for loops in R programming is far the most famous as well as important concepts and its structure states that the number of iterations is known in advance and fixed. What happens if the number of iterations is not known in advance or predictable, to overcome this problem while loop is used. Therefore, in this R article, we have studied in detail about their syntax and how to operate them with a different sequence with an example.
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