Difference Between Haskell vs Rust
Haskell is defined as a functional programming language that is general-purpose, powerful, and reliable language and hence it particularly suited for fast prototyping, proprietary business logic, enhancing the current environment of the software with properly written code and data analysis. Haskell is mainly known for its fast performance in any developed apps or software as it has an excellent compiler. Rust is defined as a system programming language that consists of improvised ideas of system language like C++ that provides safe memory as Rust writes safe code which allocates memory for each object and it will not unallocated until the process has completed this language also has a strong compiler which also is faster in performance wise.
Head to Head Comparison between Haskell vs Rust (Infographics)
Below are the top 8 differences between Haskell vs Rust:
Key Differences between Haskell vs Rust
Some of the differences between Haskell vs Rust are given below:
1. Macros Use
In Haskell, macros are usually less used when compared to Rust as in Haskell it provides lazy evaluation feature which more used instead of macros. Therefore Haskell replaces macros with lazy evaluation and higher-order functions yet there is an option where you can still use macros to speed up and generating code. Whereas, in Rust, they use macros whenever there is reusable code to be written in the code and this piece of code can be written once as macros which can be declared using Rust in-built macros for defining the macros in it and use it everywhere in the given code.
2. High-Level or Low-Level Language
In Haskell it high-level language usually it is said to be extremely high-level as it is lazy when compared to any other language because the compiler not provides built-in functions but also makes the decision for running or executing any part of the code. Whereas Rust is low-level programming and hence it can be considered as a disadvantage for Rust programmers as they need to be very attentive when they work with memory allocation and there is a chance that most apps run with an inefficient dynamic scripting language.
3. Drawbacks in Both
As Haskell uses few easy-to-use libraries which are implemented using vocabulary which needs the programmers or beginners to understand the abstract math and hence it is considered very difficult for learning and understanding this Haskell language when compared to any other and also it provides symbols everywhere, some extensions to this language which may lead to very different code which is not understandable and even the package manager is unstable. Whereas Rust also has few disadvantages as it is a low-level language it always makes the programmers alert while allocating memory and this language also requires some time to understand the language as even Haskell is difficult for learning.
Haskell vs Rust Comparison Table
Below given is the comparison table showing the comparison between Haskell vs Rust:
|
Haskell |
Rust |
| Haskell is a functional programming language with an excellent compiler for developing apps and software faster than any other development language. | Rust is a system programming language with a strong compiler that is suited for performing faster using safe code and hence it makes it a more efficient and secured language. |
| Haskell is both statically and dynamically typed language where the compiler infers the types of any variables that are written and the value assigned cannot be changed at the runtime. | Rust is a statically typed language and therefore it identifies the error at runtime which is very easy for debugging when compared to other dynamically typed language. |
| Haskell does not use macros as it already has higher-order functions and lazy evaluations, yet it can be still used for speeding up and generating code but its use is minimal in Haskell as it is substituted by lazy evaluations. | Rust does have macros and it uses it in its programming for reusing a piece of code where it is repeated in the code in such case we can define this code once in the macro which can be declared using Rust’s built-in macro. |
| In Haskell, it provides purely functional programming where it does not mess up with programming paradigm like other languages as we can avoid the old methods of writing functions which will allow you to write the new way. | Rust, also provides functional programming though it is system programming but not as Haskell. In Rust, it is very easy to create and declare functional with some additional features from any structure applications. |
| Haskell is the high-level language the main reason for this is for its laziness as the compilers and runtime makes the decision when the different part of code needs to be executed as it also provides more built-in functionalities. | Rust is low-level programming where it is a kind of drawback as the developers should be careful while allocating memories where few applications have the capability of running without exceeding the capacity of the server. |
| Haskell needs some additional frameworks when compared to Rust for connecting to the web services as it requires more time for understanding it technically as it provides rapid prototyping for designing APIs. | Rust provides a huge lot of libraries and frameworks for designing APIs than Haskell it is more popular for this reason and it also popular when we consider features like size, speed-wise, and security-wise it is better than Haskell. |
| The tools that integrate with Haskell are Buddy, Yesdo, Rollbar, Google Code Prettify, MessagePack, miso, Tile38, FOSSA, etc. | Rust also integrates with few tools such as Deno, Tendermint, Ripple, Leaf, Airbrake, Ethereum, Actix, Multichain, Nanobox, etc. |
| Companies that use Haskell are Broadcom, Juspay, Gini, Bellroy, Sfeir, SeatGeek, Takt, Realmac software, Commonwealth Bank, Target, etc. | Companies that use Rust Dropbox, Klarna, Postmates, QIWI, Arclx, Codustry, AresRPG, Diffbot, Tanium, Wirecard, LogDNA, Samsunir, Brilliant, etc. |
Conclusion
In this article, we conclude that Haskell and Rust both are language tools so there is no much difference in these both. But when the programmer is writing code then Rust provides it a safer way to write code than Haskell. And most of them prefer Rust as it provides many libraries and frameworks which are very useful in designing apps as Haskell provides libraries that implement using vocabulary and make it difficult for the programmer to understand but Haskell is good when using functional programming as it uses rapid prototyping. Therefore the programmers need to carefully choose the language according to the requirements and ease of development.
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