Introduction to Embedded System Interview Questions and Answers
An embedded system is actually a combination of hardware and software considering any computer system. It mainly helps to configure the system as programmable or fixing some better feature which improving its capability. It also helps for designing some of the specific function(s) considering any computer system which is larger than usual. There has a lot of electronics instrument which is mainly popular due to identifying the proper location and helping people to find out to reach a destination with that location identifier. Embedded system main helps to identify a possible location in Industrial varieties machines, automobiles, equipment of medical, cameras, airplanes, toys, house equipment, etc.
Now, if you are looking for a job that is related to Embedded System then you need to prepare for the 2020 Embedded System Interview Questions. It is true that every interview is different as per the different job profiles. Here, we have prepared the important Embedded System Interview Questions and Answers which will help you get success in your interview.
In this 2020 Embedded System Interview Questions article, we shall present 10 most important and frequently asked Embedded System Interview questions. These questions are divided into two parts are as follows:
Part 1 – Embedded System Interview Questions (Basic)
This first part covers basic Interview Questions and Answers
Q1. Explain about pass by value and pass by reference in detail. If we want to pass one structure as the argument then how we can do this?
Answer:
Suppose a programmer needs to pass one value to one function to another. There has one very common approach to passing this value through a parameter of that specific function. Now we can pass one of the copies of that require value as a variable or can be an object reference or memory reference where that variable value has been stored. A first way is considering as pass by value, and 2nd one passes by reference. In case of pass by value, changes made in passing the parameter within that function will not be reflected in the caller function, whereas in case of pass by reference any changes reflected the calling function.
Q2. Explain details difference in between when to use the inline and macro function?
Answer:
Macro is just assuming one of the symbolic representations anytime for programming but it never helps on data type differentiation which we normally did. Whereas in the case of inline functions we can easily able to define different data types as well.
Q3. When did the volatile keyword need to use? Give a detailed explanation?
Answer:
Suppose any program willing to use one specific parameter which belongs to other mapped device, in such cases volatile keyword can be used, which represent that specific variable with that conditional point of memory where that variable mapped with another device. The main utility of the same is that the declare variable can be changed easily from outside of that specific program. Normally when we went to compile any program, compiler default perform some additional optimization for that specific program. But in case of volatile parameter compiler could not perform any kind of additional optimization to that specific code.
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Q4. Explain about a soft and hard real-time system in details?
Answer:
This is the basic Embedded System Interview Question asked in an interview. In case of the embedded system, hard real-time are always be very strict in case of a timeline, never consider any late in delivery or response, it not concentrating on the deliverable products just thinking about late time and consider the same failure. But for the case of soft real-time, it also very strict on a timeline but still a little soft way. It mainly considering the quality of the product and the performance of the delivery. Based on some other points it may consider for little late delivery or missing timeline due to the better product.
Q5. Explain about semaphore in details? There have varieties of types of semaphore available in the market. Please explain them in details?
Answer:
Semaphore is basically maintaining storage of varieties abstract data which can be used for controlling access of various resources across all the running active threads or multiple processes.
We normally found two kinds of semaphores:
- One is binary semaphore, it actually handling or accepting only 0 and 1 value. It is mainly used when there was some possibility of contention for the case of single resource entity.
- The second one is counting semaphore which helps to use some incremental values but it should have some certain limit.
Part 2 – Embedded System Interview Questions (Advanced)
Let us now have a look at the advanced Interview Questions.
Q6. Explain the characteristics of the recursive function. Is it possible to make them inline? If yes, please explain how it is possible.
Answer:
The recursive function is one of the popular approaches for any kind of programming methodology. It actually calls by own or calls by itself. It refers to a specific function that calls to them any time before given the final result.
Yes, it can be possible to define the same as an inline function. And in case of inline function as usual memory space can be allocated by the compiler itself for the same when that function especially calls for the first time in entire program execution.
Q7. Give some explanation of default size needs to be maintained of the primitive types like Int, Char, and Float data types.
Answer:
Actually, the size of the char and int, not possible define, as it is always depends on the specific operating system or define firmware. It always depends on the number of address lines available in the address bar. But still in average int considering values in between 2-4 bytes, and char 1-2 bytes. The float normally took little high value that is 4 bytes.
Let us move to the next Embedded System Interview Questions
Q8. Explain about detail characteristics of Malloc. One of the very popular malloc statement is Malloc(sizeOf(0)), what will be the possible result after executing the same.
Answer:
Malloc is a kind of popular function to allocate memory dynamically to different variables. Malloc is mainly used for getting memory pointer. The mention statement always returning one valid integer value which pointing a memory pointer of passing integer value 0.
Q9. Explain about forwarding Reference available in C programming language.
Answer:
This is the most asked Embedded System Interview Questions in an interview. Forward reference in C is actually indicating that when we plan to address or pointing one smaller data type with a specific pointer of one bigger data type in C programming language.
Q10. If we create one possible object of an inherited class, then what will be the exact order of calling needs to be maintained in case of constructors and destructors?
Answer:
An inherited class is being very much commonly used in recent object-oriented programming concepts. Here constructors and destructors both are calling on some specific timing. Here constructor is mainly calling in case of the base class first order, whereas destructor normally calling child class first order. This is why if we used two levels of inheritance like A (base class) >> B (child 1) >> C (Child 2), then the constructor of A will always be calling first followed by B and C.
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