Introduction to CSS transform
The transform property in CSS is used to scale, translate, skew or rotate any HTML element. This transform property changes the coordinate space of visual formatting model in CSS. This transform property is also applied on any 3D or 2D HTML transformation to the element.
How Does transform Done in CSS?
This transform property in CSS can be done with multiple functions. Based on this function arguments transform operation performed.
1. none: It is default value of transform property; it means no transformation.
2D matrix:
2. matrix(v1,v2,v3,v4,v5,v6): It defines 2D transformation with 6 values.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: matrix(v1,v2,v3,v4,v5,v6);
}
3D matrix:
3. matrix3d(v1,v2,v3,v4,v5,v6,….,v16): It defines 3D transformation with 16 values.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: matrix(v1,v2,v3,v4,v5,v6,.....,v16);
}
translate(): This is used to translate the element.
4. translateX(x-coordinate): Defines the translation for only x-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: translateX(value);
}
5. translateY(y-coordinate): Defines the translation for only y-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: translateY(value);
}
6. translateZ(z-coordinate): Defines the translation for only z-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: translateZ(value);
}
7. translate(x-coordinate, y-coordinate): It defines the 2D translation.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: translate(value1,value2);
}
8. translate3d(x-coordinate, y-coordinate, z-coordinate): It defines the 3D translation.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: translate3d(value1,value2,value3);
}
scale(): This is used for scale transformation.
9. scaleX(x-coordinate): Defines the scale transformation for only x-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: scaleX(value);
}
10. scaleY(y): Defines the scale transformation for only y-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: scaleY(value);
}
11. scaleZ(z): Defines the scale transformation for only z-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: scaleZ(value);
}
12. scale(x-coordinate, y-coordinate): It defines the 2D scale transformation.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: scale(value1,value2);
}
13. scale3d(x-coordinate, y-coordinate, z-coordinate): It defines the 3D scale transformation.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: scale3d(value1, value2, value3);
}
rotate(): This is used for rotate the element.
14. rotate(angleValue): Defines the 2D rotation with some angle.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: rotate(value);
}
15. rotateX(x-coordinate): It rotates the element only with respect to x-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: rotateX(value);
}
16. rotateY(y-coordinate): It rotates the element only with respect to y-axis.
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Syntax:
element
{
transform: rotateY(value);
}
17. rotateZ(z-coordinate): It rotates the element only with respect to z-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: rotateZ(value);
}
18. rotate3d(x-coordinate, y-coordinate, z-coordinate, angleValue): It rotates the element in x, y and z-axis with specified angle.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: rotate3d(value1, value2, value3);
}
skew(): This is used for skew transformation.
19. skewX(angleXValue): It defines the 2D skew transformation only with respect to x-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: skewX(value);
}
20. skewY(angleYValue): It defines the 2D skew transformation only with respect to y-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: skewY(value);
}
21. skew(xAngle,yAngle): It defines the 2D skew transformation with respect to x-axis and y-axis.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: skew(value1, value2);
}
perspective(): This is used for view the transformation.
22. perspective(value): It defines the view of transformed 3D elements.
Syntax:
element
{
transform: perspective(value);
}
Examples to Implement of CSS transform
Below are the examples of CSS transform:
Example #1 – Translate Function
Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
background-color: lightgray;
width: 400px;
height: 200px;
color: maroon;
font-size: 22px;
border: 1px solid green;
transform: translate(250px,80px);
}
h1
{
color:navy;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>The translate() function demo</h1>
<div>
The transform property in CSS is used to scale, translate, skew or rotate any HTML element. This transform property changes the coordinate space of visual formatting model in CSS.
This transform property also applied on any 3D or 2D HTML transformation to the element.
</div>
</body>
</html
Output:
Example #2 – Rotate Function
Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
margin: 10px;
width: 320px;
height: 120px;
background-color: lightgray;
color: green;
font-size: 22px;
border: 2px solid red;
}
#div1 {
transform: rotate(20deg); /*rotate the element clock wise direction*/
}
#div2 {
transform: rotate(-20deg); /*rotate the element anti clock wise direction*/
}
h1
{
color: maroon;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>The rotate() function demo</h1>
<div>
Without rotating
</div>
<div id="div1">
Rotating the element 20 degrees clock wise direction
</div>
<div id="div2">
Rotating the element 20 degrees anti clock wise direction
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Example #3 – Scale Function
Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
margin: 150px;
width: 320px;
height: 120px;
background-color: lightgray;
color: green;
font-size: 18px;
border: 2px solid red;
transform: scale(1,2);/*scale in x and y direction*/
}
h1
{
color: green;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>The scale() function demo</h1>
<div>
The transform property in CSS is used to scale, translate, skew or rotate any HTML element. This transform property changes the coordinate space of visual formatting model in CSS.
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Example #4 – Skew Function
Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
margin:20px;
width: 320px;
height: 120px;
background-color: lightpink;
color: blue;
font-size: 18px;
border: 2px solid red;
}
#div1 {
transform: skew(20deg, 20deg);
}
#div2 {
transform: skew(-20deg, -20deg);
}
h1
{
color: orange;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>The skew() function demo</h1>
<div>
Without skew
</div>
<div id="div1">
Skew the element 20 degrees clock wise direction
</div>
<div id="div2">
Skew the element 20 degrees anti clock wise direction
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Example #5 – Matrix Function
Code:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<style>
div {
width: 310px;
margin: 20px;
height: 110px;
background-color: brown;
border: 1px solid orange;
color: white;
font-size: 18px;
}
.div1 {
transform: matrix(1, -0.3, 0, 1, 0, 0);
}
.div2 {
transform: matrix(1, 0, 0.5, 1, 150, 0);
}
h1
{
color: navy;
text-align: center;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>The matrix() function demo</h1>
<div>
Without matrix function.
</div>
<div class="div1">
First matrix() function output.
</div>
<div class="div2">
First matrix() function output.
</div>
</body>
</html>
Output:
Conclusion
CSS transform property is used to rotating, skewing, scaling, translating, and matrix the HTML elements. Each functionality we have different functions like rotate(), skew(), scale() and matrix() etc.
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