C++ Operators
Operators are symbols used in C++ to carry out operations. Operators are applied on operands to perform various operations.
What are operators in C++?
The different types of operators used in C++ are the following.
- Arithmetic Operators
- Relational Operators
- Logical Operators
- Assignment Operators
1. Arithmetic operators
In C++, arithmetic operators are used to performing arithmetic operations as described below.
Let us take an example of operands a, b with values 10 and 5 respectively.
| Arithmetic operators in C++ | ||
| Operator | Description | Example |
| + | Addition of two operands | a + b will give15. |
| – | Subtraction of right operand from the left operand | a – b will give5. |
| * | Multiplication of two operands | a * b
will give 50. |
| / | Division of left operand by the right operand | a / b
will give 2. |
| % | Modulus – the remainder of the division of left operand by the right | a % b will give 0. |
| ++ | Increment Operator which increases the value of the operand by 1. | b++ will give 6. |
| — | Decrement Operator which decreases the value of the operand by 1. | b — will give 4. |
2. Relational Operators
The relational operators are used to compare values between operands and return TRUE or FALSE according to the condition specified in the statement.
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| Relational Operators in C++ | ||
| Operator | Description | Example |
| > | If the value of left operand is greater than that of the value of the right operand, the condition becomes true; if not then false. | a > b |
| < | If the value of left operand is less than that of the value of the right operand, the condition becomes true; if not then false. | a < b |
| == | If both the operands have equal value, the condition becomes true; if not then false. | a == b |
| != | If both the operands do not have equal value, the condition becomes true; if not then false. | a != b |
| >= | If the value of left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand, the condition becomes true; if not then false. | a >= b |
| <= | If the value of left operand is less than or equal to the right operand, the condition becomes true; if not then false. | a <= b |
Let us assume the value of operands a = 10, b = 5 and perform various operations to understand the relational operators.
- a > b will give result TRUE as 10 is greater than 5.
- a < b will give result FALSE as 10 is greater than 5.
- a == b will give result FALSE as 10 is not equal to 5.
- a != b will give result TRUE as 10 is not equal to 5.
- a >= b will give result TRUE as 10 is greater than 5.
- a <= b will give result FALSE as 10 is not equal to or less than 5.
3. Logical Operators
The logical operators used in C++ are shown below.
| Logical Operators in C++ | ||
| Operator | Description | Example |
| || | It is the logical OR Operator. The condition becomes true if any of the two operands is non-zero. | a || b |
| &&
|
It is the logical AND Operator. The condition becomes true if both of the two operands are non-zero. | a && b |
| !
|
It is the logical NOT operator and reverses the state of the logical operator with which it is used. | !a |
Let us assume the value of operands a = 1, b = 0 and perform various operations to understand the logical operators.
- a || b will be TRUE as one of the two operands is non-zero.
- a && b will be FALSE as one of the operand is zero.
- !a will be 0 as it reverses the state of the operand.
4. Assignment Operators
The assignment operators used in C++ are as shown below.
| Assignment Operators in C++ | ||
| Operator | Description | Example |
| = | This is a simple assignment operator which assigns the value of the right side operand to left side operand. | x = y will assign the value of y to x. |
| += | This operator performs the addition of the right operand to the left operand and the result is assigned to the left operand. | x += y is interpreted as x = x + y |
| -= | This operator performs subtraction of the right operand from the left operand and the result is assigned to left operand. | x -= y is equal to x = x – y |
| *= | This operator performs multiplication of right operand with the left operand and the result gets assigned to the left operand. | x *= y is equal to x = x * y |
| /= | This operator performs division of left operand with the right operand and the result is assigned to left operand. | x /= y is equal to x = x / y |
| %= | This takes the modulus of the two operands and the result is assigned to the left operand. | x %= y is equal to x = x % y |
| >>= | This is a binary right shift and assignment operator. | x >> 5 equals to x = x >> 5 |
| <<= | This is a binary left shift and assignment operator. | x << 5 equals to x = x << 5 |
| ^= | This is called bitwise exclusive OR and assignment operator. | x ^= 5 equals to x = x ^ 5 |
| |= | This is called a bitwise OR assignment operator. | x |= 5 equals to x = x | 5 |
| &= | This is called bitwise AND assignment operator. | x &= 5 equals to x = x & 5 |
Let us assume the value of x as 5. Few examples of operations performed using a few assignment operators shown above.
- x = 5 will assign the value 5 to x.
- x += 3 will give the result as x = x +3 i.e. 5+3= 8 will be assigned to x.
- x -=2 will give the result as x = x +3 i.e. 5-2= 3 will be assigned to x.
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This has been a guide to C++ Operators. Here we have discussed the different types of operators used in C++ with their syntax and examples. You may also look at the following article to learn more –
