Biography of Rajendra Prasad

About Rajendra Prasad

In the bustling streets of pre-independent India, where the air resonated with chants of freedom and aspirations for a new dawn, stood a man whose dedication and vision would shape the destiny of a nation. Imagine a time when every step towards independence was fraught with uncertainty, yet amidst the chaos emerged a beacon of hope— Rajendra Prasad, affectionately known as Rajen Babu. From his humble beginnings to becoming the first President of independent India, Prasad’s journey embodies the spirit of resilience and unwavering commitment to the ideals of democracy. Join me as we delve into the life of this remarkable leader whose legacy continues to inspire generations.

Basic Information

Here’s a table outlining the basic information about Rajendra Prasad:

Full Name	Dr. Rajendra Prasad
Date of Birth	December 3, 1884
Place of Birth	Zeradai, Bihar, British India
Date of Death	February 28, 1963
Place of Death	Patna, Bihar, India
Education	Bachelor’s and Master’s degrees from the University of Calcutta Doctorate from University of Allahabad
Political Party	Indian National Congress
Position(s) Held	President of the Constituent Assembly, First President of India
freedom	Rajavanshi Devi
Children	Mrityunjaya Prasad(son)

Early Life and Education

Rajendra Prasad’s father, Mahadev Sahai, was a scholar of Persian and Sanskrit languages, while his mother, Kamleshwari Devi, was a devout woman known for her piety and simple living. Prasad was the youngest child in a large family and received a strong foundation in traditional Indian values and culture from an early age.

• Childhood and Early Education: Prasad’s early education began at home under the tutelage of his father and an elder brother. He displayed an extraordinary aptitude for learning and quickly excelled in his studies. At the age of five, he attended Chapra District School, where he impressed his teachers with his intelligence and diligence.
• Higher Education: After completing his initial schooling, Prasad moved to Patna to pursue higher education. He enrolled at the T.K. Ghosh’s Academy in Patna, a renowned institution of that time. His outstanding academic achievements secured him a scholarship to enroll at the esteemed Calcutta Presidency College. While there, he pursued a Bachelor of Arts degree with honors in English. In 1907, Prasad completed his studies by receiving a Master of Arts in Economics from the University of Calcutta.
• Legal Education: Not content with his achievements, Prasad further pursued legal studies. He joined the Ripon College, Calcutta (now Surendranath College), where he completed a law degree with distinction. Later, he earned a Doctorate in Law from the University of Allahabad, further solidifying his credentials as a scholar and legal expert.
• Influences and Inspirations: Throughout his educational journey, Prasad deeply absorbed Mahatma Gandhi’s teachings and the burgeoning nationalist movement in India. The ideals of self-reliance, non-violence, and civil disobedience particularly inspired him. This period also marked the beginning of his active involvement in the Indian freedom struggle, as he participated in various student movements and activities to oppose British colonial rule.

Pre-Political Occupations

Before embarking on his illustrious political career, Rajendra Prasad pursued various occupations, each contributing to his intellectual development and shaping his future trajectory in public service:

• Academician: Prasad began his career as an educator, serving as a professor of English at the Langat Singh College in Muzaffarpur, Bihar. His scholarly endeavors provided the groundwork for his subsequent engagement in the nationalist movement, as he interacted with scholars and students who espoused his vision of an independent and free India.
• Legal Practitioner: Prasad established himself as a successful lawyer, practicing law at the Calcutta High Court after completing his legal studies. He became known for being a fierce defender of the rights of marginalized and oppressed people because of his dedication to justice and legal knowledge.
• Social Reformer: Alongside his academic and legal pursuits, Prasad actively participated in various social reform initiatives to address untouchability, caste discrimination, and women’s rights. He advocated for social equality and worked towards uplifting the disadvantaged sections of society.
• Writer and Scholar: Prasad was also a prolific writer and scholar with a keen interest in literature, philosophy, and history. He authored several books and essays on various subjects, including Indian culture, spirituality, and the freedom struggle. His writings reflected his deep insights into the socio-cultural fabric of India and inspired readers with his profound wisdom.

Entry into the Nationalist Movement

Rajendra Prasad’s journey into the nationalist movement unfolded gradually, shaped by his early experiences and evolving convictions. Here’s a step-by-step exploration of his entry into the movement:

• Exposure to Nationalist Ideas: Prasad’s exposure to nationalist ideas began during his formative years through discussions at home and interactions with individuals committed to India’s freedom struggle. His education at Calcutta Presidency College allowed him to engage with progressive thinkers and activists who espoused nationalist sentiments.
• Influence of Swadeshi Movement: The Swadeshi Movement advocated for promoting indigenous industries and self-reliance and deeply influenced Prasad during his time in Calcutta. He witnessed firsthand the fervor and mass participation in the movement, igniting his patriotism and desire for Indian self-determination.
• Association with Anushilan Samiti: Prasad’s association with the Anushilan Samiti, a revolutionary organization advocating for armed resistance against British rule, marked a significant turning point in his nationalist journey. While not directly involved in the group’s militant activities, Prasad found himself drawn to its commitment to freeing India from colonial oppression.
• Joining the Indian National Congress: Prasad formally entered the nationalist movement when he became a member of the Indian National Congress, the primary political organization spearheading the fight for India’s independence. His decision to join the Congress was motivated by a desire to channel his nationalist fervor into a structured and organized platform for political action.
• Participation in Nationalist Activities: Prasad’s commitment to the nationalist cause was evident in his active involvement in various movements and campaigns organized by the Congress. He participated in protests, demonstrations, and boycotts to challenge British authority and promote Indian self-rule. Prasad’s dedication to the cause earned him recognition within the Congress ranks and endeared him to fellow nationalists.
• Role in the Champaran Satyagraha: Prasad’s participation in the 1917 Champaran Satyagraha was a pivotal point in his nationalist career. At Mahatma Gandhi’s request, Prasad joined the movement to support indigo farmers in Champaran, Bihar, who were facing exploitation by British landlords. His participation demonstrated his dedication to the welfare of the rural poor and solidified his bond with Gandhi and the principles of non-violent resistance.
• Non-Cooperation Movement: Prasad’s strong involvement in the Non-Cooperation Movement, which Mahatma Gandhi started in 1920, was one of the turning points in his early activity. Prasad played a crucial role in mobilizing the masses and rallying public support for the movement’s objectives, which included boycotting British institutions and products.
• Civil Disobedience Movement: Prasad’s commitment to the nationalist cause deepened during the Civil Disobedience Movement initiated by Gandhi in 1930. He actively participated in protests, demonstrations, and acts of civil disobedience against oppressive British laws and policies despite facing arrest and imprisonment on multiple occasions.
• Leadership in Bihar: Prasad’s leadership qualities soon became evident, and he emerged as a prominent figure in the Congress circles, particularly in Bihar. He organized and led various movements and protests against British policies, championing the rights and welfare of the Indian people.
• Continuation of the Struggle: Even after India gained independence in 1947, Prasad’s commitment to the ideals of democracy, equality, and social justice remained unwavering. He continued to work tirelessly to address the challenges facing the newly independent nation, ensuring that the sacrifices made during the freedom struggle were not in vain.

Leadership in Indian Politics

Rajendra Prasad’s leadership in Indian politics extended beyond his involvement in the nationalist movement, encompassing various roles within the Indian National Congress and his contributions to shaping the political landscape of independent India.

• Rising Prominence Within the Congress Party: Prasad’s exceptional leadership qualities and dedication to the nationalist cause earned him widespread recognition within the Indian National Congress. He became known for his integrity, humility, and ability to bridge ideological divides within the party.
• Advocacy for Social Justice: Prasad was a staunch advocate for social justice and the upliftment of marginalized communities. He worked tirelessly to tackle issues such as untouchability, caste discrimination, and gender inequality, underscoring the significance of social reforms alongside political independence.
• Participation in Legislative Bodies: Prasad’s leadership extended to his participation in various legislative bodies during the pre-independence era. He fought for legislative changes and Native American rights while serving as a member of the Imperial Legislative Council and, subsequently, the Central Legislative Assembly.
• Efforts Towards Hindu-Muslim Unity: Prasad was deeply committed to fostering Hindu-Muslim unity and communal harmony in India. His advocacy for mutual respect, understanding, and cooperation was crucial in bridging the gap between the two populations.
• Support for Agrarian Reforms: Recognizing the plight of India’s farmers and peasants, Prasad championed agrarian reforms to improve rural communities’ conditions. He advocated for land reforms, fair agricultural policies, and measures to alleviate rural poverty.
• International Diplomacy: Prasad represented India on the international stage, serving as the President of the Indian National Congress during critical junctures in India’s struggle for independence. He engaged in diplomatic efforts to garner international support for India’s freedom movement and to raise awareness about colonial oppression.
• Transition to Post-Independence Politics: Following India’s independence in 1947, Prasad played a pivotal role in shaping the newly formed nation’s political landscape. He held key positions in the interim government and contributed to drafting the Indian Constitution as the President of the Constituent Assembly.

President of the Constituent Assembly

A pivotal time in Rajendra Prasad’s political career was his term as President of the Indian Constituent Assembly, where he oversaw the creation and ratification of the Indian Constitution.

• Election as President: In December 1946, the Constituent Assembly unanimously elected Rajendra Prasad as its President, a testament to his stature as a respected leader and consensus-builder within the Indian National Congress.
• Leadership during Constitution-Making Process: As President, Prasad presided over the deliberations of the Constituent Assembly with impartiality and wisdom. He ensured that all members had the opportunity to voice their opinions and contribute to the drafting of the Constitution.
• Guiding the Drafting Committee: Prasad played a crucial role in guiding the work of the Drafting Committee, headed by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, in formulating the Constitution. He gave the committee members valuable insights and advice, fostering consensus on key issues.
• Resolution of Differences: During the constitution-making process, Prasad skillfully navigated through diverse opinions and ideological differences among the assembly members. His ability to forge compromises and build consensus was instrumental in overcoming contentious issues.
• Commitment to Democratic Principles: Throughout his presidency, Prasad stood firm in supporting democratic principles and constitutional values. He emphasized the importance of upholding fundamental rights, ensuring equality before the law, and fostering a system of government based on justice and fairness.
• Final Adoption of the Constitution: On January 26, 1950, Rajendra Prasad, in his capacity as President of the Constituent Assembly, signed the Indian Constitution, marking the culmination of years of meticulous deliberations and debates. This historic moment heralded the birth of the Republic of India.
• Legacy as the President of the Constituent Assembly: People remember Rajendra Prasad’s tenure as President of the Constituent Assembly for his statesmanship, leadership, and unwavering commitment to the task of nation-building. His vision and guidance laid the foundation for India’s democratic framework and constitutional governance.

First President of India

Rajendra Prasad’s election as the first President of India marked the beginning of a new chapter in the country’s history, as he assumed the highest office with a commitment to upholding the ideals of democracy, unity, and social justice.

• Election and Inauguration: Following India’s transition to a republic on January 26, 1950, Rajendra Prasad was elected unopposed as the first President of the Republic of India. On January 26, 1950, he was sworn in as the President by Chief Justice Hiralal J. Kania in a grand ceremony at the Durbar Hall of the Government House (now Rashtrapati Bhavan) in New Delhi.
• Role and Responsibilities: As the first President of India, Prasad’s responsibilities extended beyond ceremonial duties. He was crucial in shaping the nascent republic, providing guidance to the government, and promoting national unity and integration.
• Statesmanship and Leadership: During his tenure as President, Prasad demonstrated statesmanship, wisdom, and dedication to public service. He embodied the values of humility, integrity, and selflessness, setting a high standard for the office’s future occupants.
• Promotion of Democracy and Constitutionalism: Throughout his tenure, Prasad remained a staunch advocate for democracy and constitutionalism. He upheld the principles enshrined in the Indian Constitution, safeguarded citizens’ rights and freedoms, and ensured the smooth functioning of democratic institutions.
• Representation of India on the Global Stage: As the head of state, Prasad represented India internationally with grace and dignity. He undertook several state visits abroad, strengthening diplomatic ties and promoting India’s interests on the global platform.
• Contributions to Nation-Building: Prasad’s contributions to nation-building extended beyond his official duties. He actively promoted education, social welfare, and rural development initiatives, emphasizing the importance of inclusive growth and equitable distribution of resources.
• Conclusion of Tenure: Rajendra Prasad’s tenure as President concluded on May 13, 1962, after serving two consecutive terms in office. In his farewell address, he expressed gratitude to the people of India for their support and cooperation during his presidency. Prasad’s dignified and exemplary leadership as the first President of India left an indelible mark on the nation’s history and collective memory, serving as a guiding light for future generations of leaders.

Personal Life and Values

Rajendra Prasad’s personal life exemplified simplicity, humility, and a profound dedication to traditional Indian values. Despite his towering stature in Indian politics, he remained grounded in his roots and maintained a lifestyle marked by frugality and austerity.

• Family and Relationships: Prasad was born into a devout Hindu family in the village of Zeradei in Bihar. He shared a close bond with his parents, Mahadev Sahai and Kamleshwari Devi, who instilled in him a strong sense of moral values and social responsibility. Prasad’s devotion to his family remained unwavering throughout his life, and he cherished the support and love of his wife, Rajavanshi Devi, and their children.
• Simple Living and High Thinking: Prasad embodied the ethos of simple living and high thinking, eschewing materialism and extravagance to favor a life of austerity and humility. Despite holding high office, he remained grounded and accessible, earning admiration for his modesty and integrity.
• Values of Truth and Integrity: At the core of Prasad’s character were the values of truth, honesty, and integrity. He believed in leading by example and adhering to moral principles even in the face of adversity. His unwavering commitment to truth earned him the trust and respect of his peers and the people he served.
• Spiritual and Philosophical Pursuits: Prasad was deeply spiritual and philosophical, drawing inspiration from India’s rich spiritual heritage and philosophical traditions. He found solace in meditation, prayer, and reflection, nurturing a profound sense of inner peace and harmony amidst life’s challenges.
• Intellectual Curiosity: Beyond the confines of academia, Prasad was renowned for his insatiable curiosity and hunger for knowledge. He read a great deal, with interests spanning from politics and history to philosophy and literature. His insatiable quest for learning enriched his understanding of the world and informed his approach to governance and leadership.
• Hobbies and Interests: In his leisure time, Prasad enjoyed engaging in simple pleasures such as gardening, walking, and spending time with his family. He found joy in connecting with nature and appreciating the world’s beauty, fostering a sense of peace and serenity amidst life’s hectic pace.

Later Life and Legacy

Following his tenure as President of India, Rajendra Prasad played a significant role in public life, leaving a lasting legacy of service, leadership, and integrity.

• Post-Presidential Contributions: After stepping down from the presidency in 1962, Prasad remained active in public affairs, offering his wisdom and guidance on various issues confronting the nation. He continued to advocate for social justice, education, and rural development, focusing on empowering the marginalized sections of society.
• Recognition and Honors: Throughout his lifetime, Rajendra Prasad garnered numerous accolades and honors to acknowledge his contributions to the nation. He was conferred with prestigious awards such as the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award, in 1962, in honor of his exemplary service to the nation.
• Establishment of Institutions: Prasad played a key role in establishing several educational and cultural institutions to promote learning, research, and intellectual exchange. His endeavors established the groundwork for the growth and development of these institutions, which persist in contributing to the progress of knowledge and scholarship.
• Enduring Legacy: Rajendra Prasad’s legacy perseveres as a guiding light of inspiration for forthcoming generations of leaders and citizens. His steadfast dedication to democratic principles, social justice, and national unity continues to resonate with individuals throughout India and beyond.
• Remembrance and Tributes: Even after his passing on February 28, 1963, Rajendra Prasad’s memory remains etched in the nation’s collective consciousness. People remember him with reverence and admiration for his selfless service and dedication to the welfare of the Indian people.

Conclusion

Rajendra Prasad’s life is a testament to the power of humility, integrity, and unwavering dedication to the service of others. From his early days as an academic and lawyer to his pivotal roles in the Indian freedom struggle and as the first President of India, Prasad exemplified unwavering dedication to the ideals of democracy, social justice, and national unity. His contributions as a statesman, scholar, and visionary leader continue to serve as a source of inspiration and direction for the country, serving as a constant reminder of the transformative power of moral leadership and the enduring importance of defending the rights and dignity of every person in the process of building a just and inclusive society.