Introduction to PowerShell Scheduled Task
Scheduled tasks are nothing but operations that runs automatically to perform some activity on a regular basis without manual intervention. The activity can be anything from rebooting a system, running a batch command or running a PowerShell script. The common and monotonous tasks are the ones that are updated or achieved via a scheduled task. This helps in reducing the man-hours spent. The scheduled task can be made to run every hour or day or weekly depending on the need of the user. This article will cover in detail how a scheduled task can be created to run a PowerShell script through a task scheduler and through PowerShell.
Different Commands to Create a Scheduled Task via PowerShell
The following are the cmdlets that are required to create a scheduled task via PowerShell:
- New-ScheduledTask
- New-ScheduledTaskAction
- New-ScheduledTaskTrigger
- New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet
- Register-ScheduledTask
Let’s see in detail each of the above-mentioned cmdlets.
1. New-ScheduledTask
This cmdlet creates a new scheduled task job instance.
Syntax:
NAME
New-ScheduledTask
SYNTAX
New-ScheduledTask [[-Action] <CimInstance#MSFT_TaskAction[]>] [[-Trigger] <CimInstance#MSFT_TaskTrigger[]>] [[-Settings] <CimInstance#MSFT_TaskSettings>] [[-Principal]
<CimInstance#MSFT_TaskPrincipal>] [[-Description] <string>] [-CimSession <CimSession[]>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-AsJob] [<CommonParameters>]
ALIASES
None
Parameters:
- Action: It denotes the action that needs to be performed by the task. It can be multiple actions, in case of multiple actions specified they are run sequentially. The maximum number of actions specified is 32. Its type is CimInstance[]. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- AsJob: This denotes the task to be run as a background job. Its type is the switch. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- CimSession: This runs the job on a remote computer. Its type is CimSession[] and alias is session. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- Description: This denotes the basic definition of the task. Its type is a string and the default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- Principal: It denotes the user account that needs to be used by the task. Its type is CimInstance. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- Trigger: This denotes the trigger which will start the scheduled task. The trigger can either be a time-based one or an event-based one. A task can have a maximum of 48 triggers. Its type is CimInstance[]. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
Example:
$Tasktest = New-ScheduledTask -Action $testAction -Trigger $testTrigger -Settings $testSettings
2. New-ScheduledTaskAction
This cmdlet is used to create the action of a scheduled task.
Syntax:
NAME
New-ScheduledTaskAction
SYNTAX
New-ScheduledTaskAction [-Execute] <string> [[-Argument] <string>] [[-WorkingDirectory] <string>] [-Id <string>] [-CimSession <CimSession[]>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>]
[-AsJob] [<CommonParameters>]
ALIASES
None
Parameters:
- Argument: It specifies the list of arguments to be passed. Its type is a string. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- AsJob: This denotes the task to be run as a background job. Its type is a switch. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- Execute: It denotes the path of the file to be executed. Its type is a string. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- Id: It denotes the action id and it is used for logging. Its type is a string. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- WorkingDirectory: It denotes the directory in which the task scheduler will run. The default location is the %windir%\system32 directory. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
Example:
New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "Notepad.exe"
3. New-ScheduledTaskTrigger
This creates a trigger for the scheduled task. The trigger can be time-based or event-based.
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Syntax:
NAME
New-ScheduledTaskTrigger
SYNTAX
New-ScheduledTaskTrigger [-Once] -At <datetime> [-RandomDelay <timespan>] [-RepetitionDuration <timespan>] [-RepetitionInterval <timespan>] [-CimSession
<CimSession[]>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-AsJob] [<CommonParameters>]
New-ScheduledTaskTrigger [-Daily] -At <datetime> [-DaysInterval <uint32>] [-RandomDelay <timespan>] [-CimSession <CimSession[]>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-AsJob]
[<CommonParameters>]
New-ScheduledTaskTrigger [-Weekly] -At <datetime> [-RandomDelay <timespan>] [-DaysOfWeek {Sunday | Monday | Tuesday | Wednesday | Thursday | Friday | Saturday}]
[-WeeksInterval <uint32>] [-CimSession <CimSession[]>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-AsJob] [<CommonParameters>]
New-ScheduledTaskTrigger [-AtStartup] [-RandomDelay <timespan>] [-CimSession <CimSession[]>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-AsJob] [<CommonParameters>]
New-ScheduledTaskTrigger [-AtLogOn] [-RandomDelay <timespan>] [-User <string>] [-CimSession <CimSession[]>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-AsJob] [<CommonParameters>]
ALIASES
None
Parameters:
- At: Specifies the date or time at which the task must be triggered. Its type is DateTime. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- AtLogOn: It denotes the trigger to start when a user logs on. Its type is the switch parameter. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- Daily: It denotes the task must be run daily. Its type is the switch parameter. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
- Weekly: It denotes the task must be run weekly. Its type is a switch parameter. The default value is none. It doesn’t accept pipeline input and wildcard characters.
Example:
$Sta = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "Notepad"
$Stestjob = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Weekly -At 3 am
4. New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet
This contains the settings of the scheduled task. This object is used to modify the settings and manage the behavior of the task.
Syntax:
NAME
New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet
SYNTAX
New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet [-DisallowDemandStart] [-DisallowHardTerminate] [-Compatibility {At | V1 | Vista | Win7 | Win8}] [-DeleteExpiredTaskAfter <timespan>]
[-AllowStartIfOnBatteries] [-Disable] [-MaintenanceExclusive] [-Hidden] [-RunOnlyIfIdle] [-IdleWaitTimeout <timespan>] [-NetworkId <string>] [-NetworkName <string>]
[-DisallowStartOnRemoteAppSession] [-MaintenancePeriod <timespan>] [-MaintenanceDeadline <timespan>] [-StartWhenAvailable] [-DontStopIfGoingOnBatteries] [-WakeToRun]
[-IdleDuration <timespan>] [-RestartOnIdle] [-DontStopOnIdleEnd] [-ExecutionTimeLimit <timespan>] [-MultipleInstances {Parallel | Queue | IgnoreNew}] [-Priority <int>]
[-RestartCount <int>] [-RestartInterval <timespan>] [-RunOnlyIfNetworkAvailable] [-CimSession <CimSession[]>] [-ThrottleLimit <int>] [-AsJob] [<CommonParameters>]
ALIASES
None
Example:
$Statest = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute "Notepad"
$STSettest = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet -Priority 7
5. Register-ScheduledTask
This is used to register the scheduled task. The following types of applications can be run using the script. Windows applications, DOS applications, batch and cmd files.
Example:
Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName "test task" -Trigger $testTime -User $trestUser -Action $testPS
Sample script to Create a Task
Let us create a task with the help of sample code:
Code:
Write-Host "Task Scheduler Creation"
Write-Host "Specifying the action"
$testAction = New-ScheduledTaskAction -Execute 'powershell.exe' -Argument "-File 'C:\test.ps1'"
Write-Host "Setting the trigger"
$testTrigger = New-ScheduledTaskTrigger -Daily -At 4am
$testSettings = New-ScheduledTaskSettingsSet
Write-Host "Creating the task"
$testTask = New-ScheduledTask -Action $testAction -Trigger $testTrigger -Settings $testSettings
Write-Host "registering the task"
Register-ScheduledTask -TaskName 'Dummy TS' -InputObject $Task -User 'vignesh' -Password 'pass@123'
Write-Host "Task Created"
Output:
Running a script via Task Scheduler
1. Open task scheduler by searching in windows and select create a basic task. Give a name to the task and select ok
2. Set the triggers, it can be weekly, daily or monthly
3. Select the file to be run on the action tab
4. Pass the arguments if any that is required for the script in the set Argument tab
5. Save the task
6. The task will be available in the task scheduler library.
Conclusion
Thus, the article covered in detail how a scheduled task can be created and configured in PowerShell. It explained in detail the various cmdlets that are involved in creating the task, their syntax and respective parameters along with suitable examples. It also covered how a task can be created directly in the task scheduler. The best way to learn more will be to create a task scheduler using the above-mentioned steps and exploring on our own.
Recommended Articles
This is a guide to PowerShell Scheduled Task. Here we discuss the introduction to PowerShell Scheduled Task, different commands to create a scheduled task via PowerShell along with respective syntax and it’s Parameters. You can also go through our other related articles to learn more –
