MySQL Hour()

Definition on MySQL Hour() Function

MySQL Hour() Function is MySQL DateTime function which is responsible to fetch the hour part from the datetime value specified in the query. The Hour() function in the server provides the hour portion extracted from the given date and time data type value from 0 to 838. Usually, MySQL supports the format ‘HH:MM:SS’ to query and show the time value which displays the time of any particular day that is within 24 hours. But for signifying a time interval concerning two events, the server applies the format as ‘HHH:MM:SS’ which is greater than 24 hours. Generally, in MySQL, the data type Time lies between -838:59:59 to 838:59:59.

Syntax:

The basic code for writing the syntax of MySQL Hour() function for querying the hour fragment from the given time value is defined as follows:

SELECT HOUR(Datetime);

Here, the command includes the SELECT keyword to display the value and the function parameter as Datetime data type for getting the hour value.

Also, you can consider the following syntax for the Hour() function in MySQL using the Time type as:

SELECT HOUR(Time);

Again, we can additionally apply other date and time-related data types as parameter for the Hour() function. Some of them are mentioned below:

SELECT HOUR(CURTIME());
SELECT HOUR(NOW());
SELECT HOUR(CURRENT_TIME());
SELECT HOUR(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP());

Hence, the MySQL Hour() function outputs the hour value with range 0 to 838 from the specified datetime value and time value can also be higher than 23 which is more than the day time value(0 to 23).

How Hour Function works in MySQL?

The MySQL HOUR() function is useful to extract hour portion from a datetime value in the server. This is a kind of MySQL time function which queries the hour from the standard time format as HH:MM:SS or sometimes HHH:MM:SS. The datetime format will have the syntax as YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.

This type of temporal function is used for manipulating the date-time value effectively in the MySQL database server when executed for any table column having datetime data type.

Let us write the syntax for stating a TIME column in the table as:

ColumnName TIME;

For example, while applying a query for a specific column name of a table supposing as Join_at name, we will edit the column name in the above syntax as:

Join_at TIME;

Also, we can evaluate some other temporal time function to extract the hour value such as current time function denoted as CURRENT_TIME() function, NOW() function and CURRENT_TIMESTAMP in MySQL. The CURRENT_TIME() function provides the present time value as result, NOW() function also returns the current date and time value of the server as well as CURRENT_TIMESTAMP also does the identical work providing the date and time values existing in the present.

Therefore, we can include the parameter values using any of these time functions in MySQL for the HOUR() and get the particular hour value as,

SELECT HOUR(datetime);

Taking a demonstration to show the working of this hour function in the server where we will enter the datetime value manually as below:

SELECT HOUR('2020-09-12 15:30:25');

Here, the output as hour value will be fragmented from the time format hour value which will be 15.

Also, when the time parameter holds the following value then also the hour function determines the hour value from it as,

SELECT HOUR('838:59:59');

As you can know the MySQL Hour() function will return the value as 838.

Examples

Let us illustrate the MySQL HOUR() function with few examples including simple and table column with date and time data type as follows:

Example #1 – Using the Hour() Function

• For Time value as parameter:

SELECT HOUR('16:30:45');

Output:

• For DateTime value as parameter:

SELECT HOUR('2020-09-10 16:30:45');

Output:

• For CURRENT_TIME() function value as parameter:

SELECT HOUR(CURRENT_TIME());

• For CURTIME() function value as parameter:

SELECT HOUR(CURTIME());

Output:

• For CURRENT_TIMESTAMP value as parameter:

SELECT HOUR(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP);

Output:

• For NOW() function value as parameter:

SELECT HOUR(NOW());

Output:

• For Time value larger than 24 hours as parameter:

SELECT HOUR('305:30:45');

Output:

• For negative Time value as parameter:

SELECT HOUR('-305:30:45');

Output:

Here, suppose there is any problem like if you need the resultant hour value as to be negative then, you can use the MySQL EXTRACT() function so find the output as we are looking for it:

SELECT EXTRACT(HOUR FROM '-305:30:45');

Output:

• For Date value and Time value with additional microseconds value as parameter:

SELECT HOUR('2020-09-10 05:30:45.000008');

Output:

Here, the part of time value after decimal i.e. .000008 denotes the microseconds value.

Example #2 – Using the Table Column Datetime Value to Extract HOUR() Function

Let us take a sample table named Employee created in the database using the following query:

CREATE TABLE Employee(‘Person_ID INT PRIMARY KEY’, ‘Employee_Name VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL’, ‘Salary INT NOT NULL’, ‘JoinDate DATETIME NOT NULL’);

Also, we will add few records into the Employee table using the INSERT command:

INSERT INTO Employee(Peron_ID, Employee_Name, Salary, JoinDate) VALUES(‘101’,’Aakash’,’1045’, ‘2020-02-10 05:00:00’);

And so on.

Displaying the table contents as:

SELECT * FROM Employee;

Output:

Let us implement HOUR() function with the WHERE clause with the Employee table query as follows:

SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE HOUR(JoinDate) > 05;

Output:

It outputs the rows from the table who joined after 5 A.M.

Also, let us query using the MySQL HOUR() function with the BETWEEN operator in the Employee table as follows:

SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE HOUR(JoinDate) BETWEEN 05 AND 10;

Output:

It results the data rows for a time duration of 5 to 10 hours.

Again, querying command using the MySQL HOUR() function with the IN operator in the Employee table as follows:

SELECT * FROM Employee WHERE HOUR(JoinDate) IN(2,5,10);

Output:

It gives information about join hour at 2 or 5 or 10 A.M. from the given datetime value in the JoinDate.

Conclusion

MySQL Hour() function is implemented in the server to find the hour component using the time value provided. Here, the result value will be in the range 0 to 23 for a time of day wossrth. However, this range of values for Time is much larger, therefore the Hour may result values which is greater than 23.

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This is a guide to MySQL Hour(). Here we discuss the definition, How Hour Function works in MySQL? along with examples respectively. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –

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