Updated April 17, 2023
Introduction to Java Collection Framework
Java collection framework which is included in the Java platform and it is the representation of a group of objects such as the classic Vector class, Array List, Hash Map, Hash Set and even other collections framework is a unifying architecture for describing and manipulating the collections that allowed for them to be modified with regardless of implementation details that provides an architecture for storing and manipulating a collection of objects it capable of doing any data operations such as searching, sorting, insertion, manipulation, and deletion even single unit of objects in Java is referred to as a collection.
What is Java Collection Framework?
Every programming language makes use of the collections and they’re returning the data items that can be combined with n number of different elements into a single entity. Mainly it was difficult for to understand and build with programmers to develop algorithms that worked for many types of collections before the Collections Framework was used sometimes other frameworks will call and be used with the certain conditions. Some Collection classes which includes Vector, Stack, Hash table, and Arrays, were included with Java, but it all had some drawbacks for to achieving it.
Java Collections Framework components
With the support of key interfaces, the Collections framework is easier to grasp. These interfaces are implemented and concrete functionality is provided by the collections classes. The interface for collecting data is at the top of the hierarchy. All general-purpose methods that all collections classes must provide are provided by the Collection interface or throw an error like “UnsupportedOperationException”. It adds some functionality for iterating with over-collection elements by using the “for-each loop” statement to the Iterable interface. Except for the Map interface and all other collection interfaces, classes extend to implement this interface. This collection is implemented by the List (indexed, ordered) and Set (sorted) interfaces, Map(key, value) pairs.
Interfaces
It’s one of the collection components that can be abstract with a data type to represent the collection. The framework’s root interface in java.util.Collection by using this import the significant class of the framework, with some default methods like add(), remove(), size() etc. Mainly it has below default interfaces like Map, Set and Deque all come under the util package.
Implementation classes
The Collection implementation classes are provided by the framework libraries. And the Java programmes, which may utilise them to create many types of collections based on this parent and root class of the collection package. It includes some types like ArrayList, HashMap, TreeMap, LinkedList, Doubly-LinkedList etc.
Algorithms:
In this section, they perform some crucial collections related to the tasks, such as sorting lists and other data structures which include performing the data operations from the user end.
Java collection framework Interfaces
The Collections framework has contained n number of Interfaces and their features to define the basic nature of various collection types. Like that Collection, Set, List, Map, Queue, Dequeue, SortedMap etc. These interfaces will use and implement with some type of hierarchy which is provided by the collection framework. Mainly collection is the parent root of this hierarchy if we use the List interface it maintain the data sequence order of the elements it does not need the Uniqueness. So uniqueness comes then it will move to the Set it will not accept the duplicates. The Queue is the another interface that holds the user datas with a different sequence using the Deque interface it performs the data operations. The map interface represents the object that is referred to as both keys and values pairs for storing and retrieving the elements.
Java Collection Framework Architecture
The above diagram is the basic architecture and hierarchy flow of the Collection framework. Here Map Interface is separated and it’s called and used with its default classes. We know that the Collection interface is the root node of the all other interfaces and classes. Even though the object is played the role here because it’s the base and parent of all other Interfaces and Classes. Some collection interfaces use fixed size so it’s not increased dynamically during the run time also it calculates the memory management.
Use an Iterator
Generally, the ‘Iterator’ is one of the interfaces and it is the main part of the collection framework for iterating the data using the loop conditions.
It is also used to navigate the collection for storing and retrieving the data element, and delete the collection’s data elements if not required. It’s the public interface so it calls and is imported from the util package and the programmer access its default methods. Some of the methods like hasNext(),next(), remove() these are the three different methods with different data types hasNext() will return only the boolean condition, next() method returns only the object value and remove() return void this method. It has some type like ListIterator for traverse the datas in both forward and backward directions.
Use a Comparator
The Instances of different classes can be compared using the Comparator Interface.
Generally, the class requires a natural ordering for its objects so it implements using the Comparable Interface.
If you want to design an externally configurable ordering behaviour that overrides the default ordering behaviour, use Comparator. A comparator interface is also used to sort the objects of a user-defined class.
The return value of the TreeSet interface which compares using the comparator set and is used to sort the elements of the same set in a certain order is returned by this method. If the set follows the default or natural ordering pattern, it will return a Null value.
Conclusion
The Java collections framework provides access to pre-packaged data structures as well as data manipulation methods. A collection is a type of object that may keep track of other things by storing references to them. And the operations that can be performed on each type of collection are defined by the collection interfaces.
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This is a guide to Java Collection Framework. Here we discuss the Introduction, What is Java Collection Framework, components, examples with code implementation for better understanding. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
