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Histogram in Matlab

By Priya PedamkarPriya Pedamkar

Histogram in Matlab

Introduction to Histogram in Matlab

Histogram is a representation of any statistical information showing the frequency of data items in successive intervals. MATLAB supports plotting histogram feature that enables the user to create a bar graph for any vector or matrix and grouping the data into bins using an automatic binning algorithm. For each bin, the area represents the frequency of occurrence of the data, not the height. It supports customization in histogram presentation.

Syntax:

In earlier versions, hist() and histc() were used to generate histogram plots. In later versions those functions are replaced with new functions with advanced capabilities i.e. histogram(), histcounts() and discretize().

The syntax for the above-recommended functions are as follows:

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  • histogram(X, a1,a2,…..,an)
  • histcounts(X, a1,a2,…..,an)
  • discretize(X, a1,a2,…..,an)

Where X: Data input in the form of vector or matrix.

a1,a2,…..,an: Attribute values (optional)

Creation of Histogram in Matlab: MATLAB makes it a single click action to create a histogram for any data. A histogram can be created by using the inbuilt function histogram().

Example:

The below code is written to generate 100 random numbers and histogram() is used to plot a histogram for the generated data.

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Code:

data = randn(100,1);
h = histogram(data)

Output:

Histogram in Matlab Example 1

Once any histogram object is created, it can be altered by altering its property values, that makes changes in the properties of bins and thus in the display.

Properties of Histogram in Matlab

Various properties that are featured for the histogram in MATLAB, are as follows:

1. Bins

Parameter Description
NumBins Decides the number of bins to be generated.
BinWidth Decides the width of each bin.
BinEdges A vector of which the first element of the vector determines the edge of the first bin and the last element decides the edges of the last bin of the histogram.
Binlimits Sets the limits for the input vector/matrix values.
BinLimitModes Decides mode of setting the limits.
BinMethod Choose the algorithm to configure bin width.

2. Categories

This property allows to plot histogram for each category defined in the input categorical array. If bin count is specified, categories sets the associated category descriptions in the plot.

This property contains parameters such as mentioned below:

Parameter Description
DisplayOrder Decides the order of bars based on height.
NumDisplayBins Decides the number of categories to be displayed.
ShowOthers Decides about the visibility of the additional bar which contains excluded elements of selected categories.

3. Data

This value gets distributed over a histogram plot among the bins. This property consists of different parameters such as:

Parameter Description
Values Decides the number of data elements to be added to a specific bin.
Normalization Applies a specific type of normalization on the data such as count, probability, countdensity, pdf, cumcount, etc.
BinCounts Accepts the bin count as input from an external bin calculation method instead of histogram data binning.
BinCountsMode Represents the mode of deciding bin counts.

4. Color and Styling

Parameter Description
DisplayStyle Decides the style to impose on the histogram display.
Orientation Decides upon the orientation of the bars on the histogram plot- vertical or horizontal.
BarWidth Regulates the separation of categorical bars.
FaceColor Sets the color of the bars.
EdgeColor Sets the color of the edges.
FaceAlpha Decides on the transparency of the bars.
EdgeAlpha Decides on the transparency of the edges.
LineStyle Sets style of the bar outlines.
LineWidth Sets the width of the bar outlines.

5. Legend

This property in the MATLAB adds descriptive labels to the plots. It comprises of:

Parameter Description
DisplayName Sets the text to be added to the description for the axes.
Annotation Controls the inclusion of the objects in a legend and sets excluded objects as an annotation object.

6. Interactivity

Parameter Description
Visible Sets the visibility of an object.
DataTipTemplate Decides on the content that appears on a data tip.
UIContextMenu Sets the context menu for an object, displayed on right-click over the object.
Selected Manages the selection mode of the object.
SelectionHighlight Decides the visibility of selection handlers around an object.

7. Callbacks

Parameter Description
ButtonDownFcn Accepts a function as a value which is to be executed when an object is clicked.
CreateFcn Accepts a function as a value which is to be executed when an object is created.
DeleteFcn Accepts a function as a value which is to be executed when an object is deleted.

8. Callback Execution Control

Parameter Description
Interruptible Determines whether the callback function can be interrupted or not.
BusyAction Determines how the interruption in callback function will be handled.
PickableParts Sets the context menu for an object, displayed on right-click over the object.
Selected Used to enable/disable capturing mouse clicks.
HitTest Decides response on the captured mouse clicks on the Histogram plot.
BeingDeleted Used to store the status of the execution of DeleteFcn callback.

9. Parent/Child

Parameter Description
Parent Axes, Polar axes, Transform objects or Group objects are specified as a parent.
Child This property is a read-only element which is used to view a list of data tips that are plotted in the histogram.
HandleVisibility Accepts a function as a value which is to be executed when an object is deleted.

10. Identifiers

Parameter Description
Type Represents the type of graphic object.
Tag Serves as an object identifier.
UserData Stores arbitrary data on an object.

Examples of Histogram in Matlab

Let’s understand the usage of different attributes referring to various examples given below:

Example #1 – Changing Bin Counts

Code:

data = randn(100,1);
nbins = 10;
h = histogram(data,nbins)

Output:

Histogram in Matlab Example 2

Example #2 – Changing Bin Width

Code:

data = randn(100,1);
histogram(data,'BinWidth',2)

Output:

Histogram in Matlab Example 3

Example #3 – Changing Normalization Type

Code:

data = randn(100,1);
h = histogram(data,'Normalization','countdensity')

Output:

Changing Normalization Type Example 4

Example #4 – Changing Display Style

Code:

data = randn(100,1);
h = histogram(data,'DisplayStyle','stairs')

Output:

Changing Display Style Example 5

Example #5 – Changing Color of the Bars

Code:

data = randn(100,1);
h = histogram(data,'FaceColor','#A2142F')

Output:

Changing Color of the Bars Example 6

A histogram plot lets you to understand and to analyze the set of continuous data under a frequency distribution. It is advantageous over a bar chart as it allows to divide data into classes in terms of bins which helps to do inspection over a specific category of data as required.

Additional Note:

  • The function histogram() creates a histogram object having modifiable properties within.
  • Histogram() and histcount() have common built-in options, automatic binning and normalization features.
  • The primary calculation function for histogram i.e. histcounts() exhibits consistent behavior.
  • Discretize() has extended feature about deciding placements of the bin for each element.

Recommended Articles

This is a guide to Histogram in Matlab. Here we discuss the Creation of Histogram in Matlab and its properties along with its examples and Code Implementation. You can also go through our suggested articles to learn more –

  1. Introduction to MATLAB Functions
  2. Top 10 Advantages of Matlab
  3. Overview of Mean Function in Matlab
  4. How to Use Matlab? | Operators Used
  5. Complete Guide to Matlab stem()
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