Introduction To CSS3 Interview Questions And Answers
Cascading Style Sheets is a style sheet language describing the look and formatting of a document written in a markup language. It is popular in web designing and in XHTML. CSS1 came out a recommendation in December 1996. This version describes CSS language as well as a simple visual formatting model for all the HTML tags. CSS3 became W3C recommendation in 1999, which is built on older versions of CSS.
An example of style change can be
<b> Hello World </b>
In standard HTML, <b> tag is used to make words bold.
This works fine. But after some period of time, you would like to make your text underlined instead of bold, then you would need to go to each location and change <b> tag to <u> tag. This is a very tedious task. Also if you want to change the font of the text then you need to write HTML as
<font face =” Verdana”>
<strong> This is text </strong></font>
Above code with make the desired changes in your text but it requires a lot of wrapper tags written around and also makes HTML look messy.
With CSS you can make custom style at one point and set all properties, give it a unique name and tag your HTML to apply these styling properties. CSS comprises of style rules that are interpreted by the browser and then applied to the corresponding elements in your document. A style rule is made up of
- Selector: a selector is HTML tag at which a style will be applied. This could be any tag as <h1>, <p> etc.
- Property: a property is a type of attribute of HTML tag. All HTML attributes are converted into CSS property. This can be color, border etc.
- Value: Values are assigned to properties. E.g. color property can have value red, green etc.
CSS syntax can be as follows
Selector {property: value}
Selectors can be defined in many ways as follows
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- Type selectors
Default selector
h1{color: #ffff;} - Universal selector
Universal selector matches with name of any element type.
*{color: #ffff;} - Descendant selector
Suppose you want to apply style to an element only when it lies inside a particular element. E.g.
ul em {color: #ffff;}
style will be applied to <em> element only when it lies inside <ul> tag. - Class selectors
Style rules can be defined based on the class attribute of the element. All the elements having that class will be formatted according to the defined rule. - ID selectors
Style rules can be defined based on the id attribute of the element.
h1#black {color: #ffff;}
This rule renders content in black for only <h1> elements.
You can insert this CSS code that defines the new style. Style is defined with <style> tag
<style type=”text/css>
. myNewStyle {
font-family: Verdana, Arial, sans-sheriff;
font-weight: bold;
color: #FF000;
}
</style>
This would work fine for small projects. But when you need to define styles for many pages, to would be very difficult to copy and paste same CSS code in every page. Hence, like JavaScript, you can also create CSS styles in a separate file and then link it to the page
<link href =” stylesheet.css” rel=” stylesheet” type=”test/css”>
Above code links your external stylesheet “stylesheet.css” to HTML document. This link tag should be placed within head tag. You can write your css code in a simple test file and change its extension to .css.
Preparing for a job interview in CSS3. I am sure you want to know the most common CSS3 Interview Questions and answers that will help you crack the CSS3 Interview with ease. Below is the list of top CSS3 Interview Questions and answers at your rescue which is divided into two parts are as follows:
Part 1 – CSS3 Interview Questions (Basic)
This first part covers basic interview questions and answers
1.In how many ways can a CSS be integrated as a web page?
Answer:
CSS can be integrated into three ways
- Inline: Style attribute can be used to have CSS applied to HTML elements.
- Embedded: the head element can have a style element within which the code can be placed.
- Linked/Imported: CSS can be placed in an external file and linked via link element.
2. What benefits and demerits do external style sheets have?
Answer:
Benefits:
- One file can be used for many different documents having multiple styles.
- Multiple HTML elements can have many different documents which can have classes.
- To group styles in composite situations, methods as selectors and grouping can be used.
Demerits
- An extra download is needed to import documents having style information.
- To render the document, external style sheet should be loaded.
- Not practical for small style definitions.
Let us move to the next CSS3 interview questions
3. What are the merits and demerits of embedded style sheets?
Answer:
This is the basic CSS3 interview questions that have been frequently asked in an interview. Following is the merit and demerit are as follows:
Merits:
- Multiple tag types can be created in a single document.
- Styles, in a complex situation, can be applied by using the Selector and grouping methods.
- Extra download in unnecessary.
Demerits
- Multiple documents cannot be controlled.
4. What are the advantages and limitations of CSS?
Answer:
Advantages
- Bandwidth
- Site-wide consistency.
- Page reformatting.
- Accessibility
- Content separated from presentation.
Disadvantages
- Ascending be selectors is not possible.
- Limitations of vertical control.
- No expressions.
- No column declaration.
- Pseudo-class not controlled by dynamic declarations.
- Rules, styles targeting specific text not possible.
5. Can more than one declaration be added to CSS?
Answer:
Yes, it can be achieved using a semicolon;
Part 2 – CSS3 interview questions (Advanced)
Let us now have a look at the advanced interview questions.
6. Differentiate logical tags from physical tags?
Answer:
- Physical tags are also referred to as presentational markup; logical tags are not used for presentations.
- Physical tags are newer version while logical tags are old and concentrate on content.
7. What is a contextual selector?
Answer:
Selector used to select special occurrences of an element is called a contextual selector. Space separates the individual selectors. Only the last element of the pattern is addressed in this kind of selector.
Let us move to the next CSS3 interview questions
8. How does the Z index function?
Answer:
Overlapping may occur while using CSS for positioning HTML elements. Z index helps in specifying the overlapping element. It is a number which can be positive or negative, the default value being zero.
9. Is it possible to make a class selector for a particular element? How?
Answer:
Yes, we can make a class selector for a particular element. For example
h2.className{
Color: #FFFF;
}
In above example, whenever classname ‘className’ is found under element ‘h2’ apply white color.
10. How can we create text shadow or box shadow in CSS3?
Answer:
Box shadow can be created
box-shadow: 5px 5px 2px #ffff;
text-shadow: 5px 5px 2px #ffff;
11.What are new texts added in CSS3?
Answer:
- Word wrap
- Text-overflow
- Word-break
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