Introduction to Patterns in C++
While learning any programming language, students must practice print various patterns to understand and implement logical thinking as well as flow control knowledge of the language in a practical and more fun way. Patterns in C++ are the basic programs that are used for the basic understanding of any language. Two or three flow control loops are used to implement these programs. Normally, in pattern programs minimum of two loops are used i.e. one loop to create row and another loop to create a column. The First loop which is the outer loop represents the number of rows and the second loop is an inner loop which represents the number of columns. The basic structure of the Pattern in C++ language is given as follows:
Header: #include <iostream>
Main(): int main()
{
Variable Declaration: int z = 10;
Body: cout << z;
Return: return 0;
}
Examples of Patterns in C++
There are various patterns in C ++ language like Star Pattern, Number Patterns, and Character Patterns. In this section, we are going to discussed how to create different patterns with the help of examples.
1. Number Patterns
In this section, we are going to see how to print different number patterns in C language
Example #1 – Program in C++ to print the Number Pyramid
In the following program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the number pyramid pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, x, y, k;
cout << "Enter the number of rows to show number pattern: ";
cin >> n;
for(x = 1; x <= n; x++)
{
for(y = 1; y <= n; y++)
{
if(y <= x)
cout << y;
else
cout << " ";
}
for(y = n; y >= 1; y--)
{
if(y <= x)
cout << y;
else
cout << " ";
}
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
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Output:
Example #2 – Program in C++ to print the Number Diamond
In the following program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the diamond pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, x, y, k;
cout << "Enter the number of rows to show number paatern: ";
cin >> n;
for(x = 1; x <= n; x++)
{
for(y = x; y <n; y++)
{
cout << " ";
}
for(k = 1; k < (x*2); k++)
{
cout << k;
}
cout << "\n";
}
for(x = 4; x >= 1; x--)
{
for(y = n; y > x; y--)
{
cout << " ";
}
for(k = 1; k < (x*2); k++)
{
cout << k;
}
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #3 – Program in C++ to print the Number Pyramid Pattern
In the following C++ program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the number pyramid pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int x, s, n, y = 0, cntr = 0, cntr1 = 0;
cout << "Enter the number of rows to show number pattern: ";
cin >> n;
for(x = 1; x <= n; ++x)
{
for(s = 1; s <= n-x; ++s)
{
cout << " ";
++cntr;
}
while(y != 2 * x - 1)
{
if (cntr <= n - 1)
{
cout << x + y;
++cntr;
}
else
{
++cntr1;
cout << (x + y - 2 * cntr1);
}
++y;
}
cntr1 = cntr = y = 0;
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #4 – Program in C++ to print the Vertical Number Pyramid
In the following C++ program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the vertical number pyramid pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, x, y;
cout << "Enter the number of rows to show number pattern: ";
cin >> n;
for(int x = 1; x < n; x++)
{
for(int y = 1; y <= x; y++)
cout << y;
cout << "\n";
}
for(int x = n; x >= 0; x--)
{
for(int y = 1; y <= x; y++)
cout << y;
cout << "\n";
return 0;
}
}
Output:
Example #5 – Program in C++ to print the Number Pyramid
In the following C++ program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the number pyramid pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, x, y;
cout << "Enter the number of rows to show number patterns: ";
cin >> n;
for (int x = n; x >= 0; x--)
{
for (int y = 1; y <= x; y++)
cout << y;
cout << "\n";
}
for(int x = 1; x <= n; x++)
{
for(int y = 1; y <= x; y++)
cout << y;
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
2. Star Patterns
In this section, we are going to see how to print different Star patterns.
Example #1 -Program in C++ to print the Star Diamond
In the following program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the star diamond pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, s, x, y;
cout << "Enter number of rows to show star pattern: ";
cin >> n;
for(x = 0; x <= n; x++)
{
for(s = n; s > x; s--)
cout << " ";
for(y = 0; y < x; y++)
cout << "* ";
cout << "\n";
}
for(x = 1; x < n; x++)
{
for(s = 0; s < x; s++)
cout << " ";
for(y = n; y > x; y--)
cout << "* ";
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #2 – Program in C++ to print the Vertical Curve
In the following C++ program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the vertical curve pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, x , y;
cout << "Enter number of rows to show star pattern: ";
cin >> n;
for(x = 1; x <= n; x++)
{
for(y = 1; y <= x; y++)
{
cout << "*";
}
cout << "\n";
}
for(x = n; x >= 1; x--)
{
for(y = 1; y <= x; y++)
{
cout << "*";
}
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #3 – Program in C++ to print the Hollow Number Diamond
In the following program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the hollow diamond pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout << "Enter the number of rows to show the star pattern: ";
int n, x, y, s = 1, k;
cin >> n;
for(x = 0; x <= n; x++)
{
for(y = n; y > x; y--)
{
cout << " ";
}
cout << "*";
if (x > 0)
{
for(k = 1; k <= s; k++)
{
cout << " ";
}
s += 2;
cout << "*";
}
cout << "\n";
}
s -= 4;
for(x = 0; x <= n -1; x++)
{
for(y = 0; y <= x; y++)
{
cout << " ";
}
cout << "*";
for(k = 1; k <= s; k++)
{
cout << " ";
}
s -= 2;
if(x != n -1)
{
cout << "*";
}
//ending line after each row
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #4 – Program in C++ to print the Hollow Star Triangle
In the following program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the hollow star triangle pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, x, y, s;
cout << "Enter number of rows to show the star pattern: ";
cin >> n;
for(x = 1; x <= n; x++)
{
//for loop to put space in pyramid
for (s = x; s < n; s++)
cout << " ";
//for loop to print star
for(y = 1; y <= (2 * n - 1); y++)
{
if(x == n || y == 1 || y == 2 * x - 1)
cout << "*";
else
cout << " ";
}
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #5 – Program in C++ to print the Star Triangle
In the following program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the star triangle pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, s, x, y;
cout << "Enter number of rows to show star pattern: ";
cin >> n;
for(x = 1; x <= n; x++)
{
for(s = x; s < n; s++)
cout << " ";
//for loop for displaying star
for(y = 1; y <= x; y++)
cout << "* ";
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
3. Character Patterns
In this section, we are going to see how to print different character patterns.
Example #1 – Program C++ to print the Consecutive Characters’ Triangle
In the following program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the consecutive characters’ triangle Triangle pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, x, y;
cout << "Enter number of rows to show character pattern: ";
cin >> n;
for(x = 1; x <= n; x++)
{
for(y = 1; y <= x; y++)
{
cout << char('A' + y -1);
}
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #2 – Program in C++ to print the Characters’ Triangle
In the following program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the characters’ triangle pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, x, y;
cout << "Enter number of rows to show character pattern: ";
cin >> n;
for(x = 1; x <= n; x++)
{
for(y = 1; y <= x; y++)
{
cout << char('A'-1 + x);
}
printf("\n");
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Example #3 – Program in C++ to print the Characters’ Inverted Triangle
In the following program, the user can provide the number of rows to print the characters’ inverted triangle pattern as he wants, the result will be displayed on the screen:
Code:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int n, x, y;
cout << "Enter number of rows to show character pattern: ";
cin >> n;
for(x= 1; x <= n; x++)
{
for(y = n; y >= x; y--)
{
cout << char('A'-1 + x);
}
cout << "\n";
}
return 0;
}
Output:
Conclusion
In this article, we have seen different Numbers, Star and Character’s Patterns. I hope you will find this article helpful.
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