Definition of Internal Audit
Internal audit, a department run by the management of the company, helps in evaluation of the internal controls of the processes of the company including the corporate governance, accounting processes, compliances with laws and regulations, maintenance and overseeing of the timely and accurate financial data and financial statements along with financial reporting and data collection, etc.
The internal audit is a department of the management which oversees all the issues related to the processes of the business and reports to the management regarding the same on a continuous basis
Example of the Internal Audit
The internal audit function of the company is as similar to the external audit function. It oversees the issues in financial reporting and other management-related challenges. But the internal audit employees are being appointed by the board of directors and these are used to manage and oversee multiple processes and functions of the internal audit. The internal audit helps in offering the risk management and other floor related working of the company.
Objectives of Internal Audit
The objectives of the internal audit are varied in number. Since the implementation of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the responsibility of the accuracy of the financial statements and other financial reporting related issues have relied upon the managers of the company and they would be legally liable to it. So, the internal auditor plays a critical role in the organization. SOX also requires the internal auditor to prepare all the documents related to the processes performed and procedures implemented by the company to ensure that the financial and accounting information is accurate and promote accountability and help in the prevention of fraud and error. Few examples of the internal audit could be the authorization of the documents, segregation of the duties, well written and documented processes and procedures, and tracing out any shortcomings in the processes of the company.
Internal Audit Process
The internal audit process includes the identification of the department, and to avail the understanding the current process related to the department. It also includes checking the fieldwork testing, following up with the departmental staff, finding out issues in the processes, conversing with the management staff related to respective issues, creating the official report related to an internal audit, reviewing the audit report, and communicating the same to the management, etc. It also includes following up with the management and board of directors as required to ensure that whatever recommendation have been assigned and put forwarded have been implemented or not.
Types of Internal Audit
The internal audit could be of various types and it could have diverse function relating to the same. Few examples of the same are financial or control audit, compliance audit, integrated audit, special investigation related audit, information system audit, follow up audit, and construction audit, etc. Out of those primarily used audits are Financial audit, compliance audit, operational audit, and information system audit, etc.
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Internal Audit Report
The internal audit report is prepared by the internal auditor and it is a document that specifies the formal result of the audit. the report is used by the internal auditor to show and reflect the area of examination, highlighting the positives, negatives, and the conclusion of the issues investigated. The report is presented to the management of the company so that the management knows what is going well and what is there which requires more improvement. The internal audit report includes criteria, condition, cause, consequences, and any corrective actions which should be implemented or changed. It also offers an insight into the working of the organization’s culture, procedures, policies, board, and management oversight so that the operating efficiency and effectiveness are taken into consideration. It also includes risk mitigation policies and the status of compliance with relevant laws and regulation.
Advantages
There are various advantages of the internal audit. A few of the prominent ones are described below:
- The internal audit helps in making the decision of the management more effective as it provides the ground level report of the operation and helps in getting the issues managed effectively.
- The internal audit is an ongoing process and because of that all the issues and weaknesses in the system come under the review of the auditor and the same is being reported to the management on a continuous basis. It helps the management to assure that the organization is going in the right direction and achieving the strategic goals.
- Due to the continuous nature of the internal audit, the employees at various levels tend to avoid making mistakes or commit fraud. It helps the business environment to handle the operations effectively and in a riskless manner.
- The internal audit also helps in keeping the optimization of the resources. The internal audit helps in finding out the issues consistently. And, the same is being reported to the management on a consistent basis. So, the issues are resolved and shortcomings are looked after. In this manner, the resources are used on an optimum level.
Disadvantages
Some of the disadvantages are given below:
Though the internal audit has a lot of benefits, but it comes with some limitations too. The internal audit requires highly qualified and experienced staff which could handle the audit very well. In the case of staff that is a novice in nature, the audit would not be as fruitful as expected. Again, the findings, suggestion, or results are not published which has been done as in the case of external audit. So, it doesn’t come to the notice of stakeholders which issues are resolved or ignored.
Conclusion
Overall, an internal audit is a great tool through which the management could get a complete overview regarding the operations of eh entity at various levels and manage to get the errors and frauds identified on a consistent manner. The report of the internal audit is also shared with the management and that helps to take corrective actions which eventually leads to better utilization of resources. Despite having a lot of benefits, the internal audit suffers from issues related to the lack of highly qualified staff, and non-publishing of the auditing reports in the public domain.
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This is a guide to Internal Audit. Here we also discuss the definition and types of internal audit along with advantages and disadvantages. You may also have a look at the following articles to learn more –
